Joint Forest Management

Joint Forest Management often abbreviated as JFM is the official and popular term in India for partnerships in forest management involving both the state forest departments and local communities. The policies and objectives of Joint Forest Management are detailed in the Indian comprehensive National Forest Policy of 1988 http://www.manage.gov.in/managelib/extdig/Untitled-1.pdf#search=%22%22joint%20forest%20management%22%22] and the Joint Forest Management Guidelines of 1990 of the Government of India [ [http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/iffn/country/in/in_6.htm Lessons from Joint Forest Management ] ] .

Although schemes vary from state to state and are known by different names in different Indian languages, usually a village committee known as the Forest Protection Committee (FPC) and the Forest Department enter into a JFM agreement. Villagers agree to assist in the safeguarding of forest resources through protection from fire, grazing, and illegal harvesting in exchange for which they receive non-timber forest products and a share of the revenue from the sale of timber products. [ [http://www.envfor.nic.in/divisions/forprt/terijfm.html Study on Joint Forest Management ] ] .

Origins

Joint Forest Management originated in West Bengal accidentally at the Arabari Forest Range in West Midnapore, near Midnapore town in 1971. The major hardwood of Arabari is sal, a commercially profitable forest crop. Ajit K. Banerjee, a silviculturalist, working for the Forest Department as the Divisional Forest Officer, was conducting trials which were constantly being disturbed by grazing and illegal harvesting by the local populace. At the time there were no initiatives for sharing of forest resources between the government and the locals, with the government considering many of the locals no more than "thieves". [http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/sourcebook/sb0207.pdf#search=%22arabari%20banerjee%22] The forest official, against the suggestions of his co-workers, sought out representatives of eleven local villages and negotiated the terms of a contract with an "ad hoc" Forest Protection Committee. The initial program involved 612 families managing 12.7 square kilometres of forests classified as "degraded". 25% of profits from the forests were shared with the villagers. The experiment was successful and was expanded to other parts of the state in 1987. JFM is still in force at Arabari.

A few years later, Joint Forest Management was employed in the state of Haryana to prevent soil erosion and deforestation. In 1977, villagers were persuaded that instead of grazing on erosion-prone hills, building small dams would help agricultural output on areas currently under cultivation. The program led to reforestation of many hills in the state. [ [http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98sep27/haryana.htm#3 tribuneindia... Haryana ] ]

Current status

After the initial successes in West Bengal and Haryana, the JFM schemes received national importance in the legislation of 1988 and thrust in the Guidelines of 1990. As of 2005, 27 states of the Indian Union had various JFM schemes with over 63,000 FPCs involved in the joint management of over 140,000 km² of forested land. [ [http://www.rupfor.org/jfm.asp Resource Unit for Participatory Forestry (RUPFOR) - Joint Forest Management - About JFM ] ]

Nepal has also developed a system of community forest management on the lines of JFM. [http://www.jfmindia.org/jfmneigh.htm]

References and notes

ee also

*Communal forests of India
*Social forestry
*Sustainable forest management
*Sustainable forestry
*Illegal logging

External links

* [http://www.jfmindia.org/ A website with extensive research on the history, issues, case studies, and conflict resolution methods in JFM]
* [http://envfor.nic.in/ Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests webpage]
* [http://wbln1018.worldbank.org/sar/sa.nsf/a22044d0c4877a3e852567de0052e0fa/acf2b8a3eb9f69878525687f00605632?OpenDocument Detailed World Bank case study of JFM in an Indian state]
* [http://www.manage.gov.in/managelib/extdig/Untitled-1.pdf#search=%22%22joint%20forest%20management%22%22 Government guidelines and highlights of JFM]