List of duplicating processes

List of duplicating processes

This is a partial list of duplicating processes used in business and government from the Industrial Revolution forward. Some are mechanical and some are chemical. There is naturally some overlap with printing processes and photographic processes, but the challenge of precisely duplicating business letters, forms, contracts, and other paperwork prompted some unique solutions as well. There were many short-lived inventions along the way.

Duplicating processes

Within each type, the methods are arranged in very rough chronological order.

  • Methods of copying handwritten letters
    • Manifold stylographic writer, using early "carbonic paper"
    • Letter copying book process
  • Mechanical processes
    • Pantograph, manually operated, and can also enlarge or reduce the document
1917 office with a "Multigraph" duplicating machine at lower right
  • Lithographic processes
    • Transfer lithography
    • Anastatic lithography
    • Autographic process
    • Offset lithography
    • Photolithography
  • Stencil-based machines
    • Mimeograph (also Roneo, Gestetner)
    • Digital Duplicators (also called CopyPrinters, e.g., Riso and Gestetner)
  • Photographic processes:
    • Reflex copying process (also reflectography, reflexion copying)
      • Breyertype, Playertype, Manul Process, Typon Process, Dexigraph, Linagraph
    • Daguerreotype
    • Salt print
    • Calotype (the first photo process to use a negative, from which multiple prints could be made)
    • Cyanotype
    • Photostat machine
    • Rectigraph
    • Airgraph (also V-mail)
    • Kodagraph autopositive paper
    • Kodagraph repro-negative paper
    • Diffusion transfer
      • Verifax, Copyproof
      • Photomechanical transfer (also PMT')
    • Duostat, duoprint
    • Retroflex (printing process)
    • Dual spectrum process
    • LightJet
    • Ozalid
  • Chemical processes
    • Aniline process
    • Cyanotype (used for blueprints)
    • Diazotype (also whiteprint, ammonia print, or gas print)
  • Heat-sensitivity methods
    • Thermofax (also thermography)
    • Eichner drycopy process
    • Adherography
  • Ultraviolet-sensitivity methods

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Duplicating machines — were the predecessors of modern document reproduction technology. They have now been replaced by digital duplicators, scanners, laser printers and photocopiers, but for many years they were the primary means of reproducing documents for limited… …   Wikipedia

  • List of motion picture film stocks — This is a list of motion picture camera films. Those films known to no longer be available have been marked as (DISCONTINUED) . This article includes color and black and white negative films, reversal camera films, intermediate stocks, and print… …   Wikipedia

  • List of photographic films — Fujifilm [cite web | url=http://www.fujifilm.com/products/consumer film/lineup.html | title=Fujifilm consumer film line up | accessdate=2007 04 14] [cite web | url=http://www.fujifilm.com/products/professional films/lineup.html | title=Fujifilm… …   Wikipedia

  • List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar protagonists — This is an index of protagonist characters and robots in the anime and manga series The King of Braves GaoGaiGar and The King of Braves GaoGaiGar FINAL. Contents 1 Gutsy Geoid Guard/Gutsy Galaxy Guard 1.1 Guy Shishioh 1.1.1 Cyb …   Wikipedia

  • Louis Daguerre — Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, 1844, Aufnahme von Jean Baptiste Sabatier Blot Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre [da ge:r] (* 18. November 1787 in Cormeilles en Parisis; † 10. Juli 1851 in Bry sur Marne) war ei …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Electric pen — The electric pen was developed as an offshoot of Edison s telegraphy research. Thomas Edison and Charles Batchelor noticed that as the stylus of their printing telegraph punctured the paper, the chemical solution left a mark underneath. This led… …   Wikipedia

  • Edeldruckverfahren — Joseph Nicéphore Nièpce: „Blick aus dem Fenster von Le Gras“ Die älteste erhaltene Fotografie, aufgenommen 1826 Asphaltverfahren (Heliografie bzw. Niepcotypie) Der Oberbegriff Edeldruckverfahren wird vorwiegend in der künstlerischen Fotografie… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre — Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, 1844, Aufnahme von Jean Baptiste Sabatier Blot Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre [da ge:r]; (* 18. November 1787 in Cormeilles en Parisis; † 10. Juli 1851 in Bry sur Marne) war ein französischer Maler und Erfinder des… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Louis Jaques Mande Daguerre — Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, 1844, Aufnahme von Jean Baptiste Sabatier Blot Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre [da ge:r]; (* 18. November 1787 in Cormeilles en Parisis; † 10. Juli 1851 in Bry sur Marne) war ein französischer Maler und Erfinder des… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Louis Jaques Mandé Daguerre — Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, 1844, Aufnahme von Jean Baptiste Sabatier Blot Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre [da ge:r]; (* 18. November 1787 in Cormeilles en Parisis; † 10. Juli 1851 in Bry sur Marne) war ein französischer Maler und Erfinder des… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”