Leopold Mitrofanov

Leopold Adamovich Mitrofanov (July 2, 1932ndash November 26, 1992) was a Russian chess composer, an International Judge of Chess Composition (awarded 1971) and an International Master (IM) (awarded 1980). [ [http://www.saunalahti.fi/~stniekat/pccc/ij.htm International judges ] ] He was born in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) and, by profession, was a chemical engineer.

Beginning in the 1950s, Mitrofanov published over three-hundred endgame studies, from which forty were awarded first prizes in competitions. Between 1955 and 1985, he participated in the finals of seven individual USSR Chess Championships. In FIDE competitions, he and Vladimir Korolkov were jointly awarded three gold medals.

In 1967, Mitrofanov's most celebrated chess study was awarded first prize from 250 entries to a tournament commemorating the twelfth-century Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli. Former world champion Mikhail Tal was among the judges. Their report stated that Mitrofanov's entry "doesn't look like any other, and is beyond the rest of the studies." [http://www.xs4all.nl/~timkr/chess2/mitrofanov.htm A genius' bad luck ] ] Another judge, composer Alexander Herbstmann, said: "Immediately after the first preview, Mitrofanov's masterpiece created a tremendous impression by the intensity and novelty of the idea. The ranking of the other studies was designated by us beginning with the second place."

Famous study

Unfortunately, Mitrofanov's original study (as below, but with Black's knight on f3 rather than g2) was subsequently found to have a cook, a miraculous defense that enabled Black to either obtain perpetual check or reach a drawn ending. After correction, the study remains stunningly beautiful. According to Tim Krabbé, " [i] t would be my candidate for 'study of the millennium'".

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Mitrofanov, 1967 (corrected). White to play and win.

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Position after Black's sixth move.From the position at above left:; 1.b6+ Ka8 : Allows Black's bishop to interpose on b8 after White queens his g-pawn. If 1...Kb8, then 2.Re1! Nxe1 3.g7 Nc4+ 4.Kb5 Nxb6 5.Kxb6 Bc7+ 6.Kc6! h1(Q) 7.g8(Q)+ Ka7 8.Qc8 wins.; 2.Re1! : Sacrifices the rook to avoid checks along the first rank from Black's soon-to-be-created queen on h1.; 2...Nxe1; 3.g7 h1(Q) : If 3...Nc4+, then 4.Kb5 h1(Q) 5.g8(Q)+ Bb8 6.a7 Na3+ (or 6...Qh2 7.axb8(Q)+ Qxb8 8.Qxb8+ Kxb8 9.Kxc4 +-) 7.Kc6 Qh2 8.axb8(Q)+ Qxb8 9.b7+ Ka7 10.Qg1+ Ka6 11.Qb6#.; 4.g8(Q)+ Bb8 5.a7 Nc6+ : Since 5...Qxd5+? is met by 6.Qxd5, Black must sacrifice the knight in order to enable his queen to give check.; 6.dxc6 Qxh5+ : (see position at above right) Now what? If 7.Ka6 Qe2+ or 7.Kb4 Qh4+, Black will keep checking.; 7.Qg5!! : Mitrofanov's amazing conception. Having previously sacrificed the rook in order to avoid horizontal checks by Black's queen, White now sacrifices the queen, with check, simply to avoid diagonal checks from Black's queen. At first blush, the move looks like a misprint. Upon being shown this move, Grandmaster Leonid Yudasin reportedly said: "What?! The queen is given for nothingndash and with check!" [ [http://www.gtryfon.demon.co.uk/bcc/news/feb1999news.htm#Mitrofanov's%20Deflection%20Book gtryfon.demon.co.uk] ] Victor Charusin, an ICCF International Master and author of the book "Mitrofanov's Deflection", called it "a move from another world." Krabbé observed: "White lifts his mating threat, the pin of [the bishop on b8] , lets his Queen be captured with check on an unguarded square, remains with a few pawns against Queen, Bishop and Knightndash and wins."; spcs|77...Qxg5+ : 7...Qe8 8.b7+! Kxa7 9.Qc5#; 8.Ka6 : Threatens 9.b7#; spcs|78...Bxa7 : If 8...Qb5+, then 9.Kxb5 Nc2 10.c7! wins. Following 8...Bxa7, White can resign after 9.bxa7? Qc5 or 9.b7+? Kb8.; 9.c7!! : (see diagram below) An incredible position. Black, with a queen, bishop, and knight against White's two connected passed pawns, is helpless against the dual threats of 9.b7# and 9.c8(Q)+. Note that if the queen were on any other square of the board where it is not already giving check, Black would be winning easily. Only on g5 does the queen have no checks that do not simply lose the queen.; spcs|79...Qa5+ : Neither 9...Qd5 10.c8(Q)+ Bb8 11.b7+ Qxb7 12.Qxb7# nor 9...Qg6 10.c8(Q)+ Bb8 11.Qb7# fares any better.; 10.Kxa5 Kb7 : The paradoxical nature of this problem is highlighted by the fact that Black is now losing "because" of the two minor pieces. Without the knight, Black draws with 10...Bxb6+ 11.Kxb6 stalemate; without the bishop, Black draws with 10...Kb7 followed by Nd3-e5-d7xb6.; 11.bxa7 1-0 : Black cannot stop both pawns. White queens a pawn and wins easily.Chess diagram|=
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Position after 9.c7!! White's two pawns defeat Black's army.

ee also

* Alexander Beliavsky

References

External links

* [http://www.xs4all.nl/~timkr/chess2/mitrofanov.htm Tim Krabbé, "A Genius' Bad Luck"]
* [http://www.arves.org/Biografie.htm Biographical data about endgame study composers/authors]