Laguna Copperplate Inscription

right|frame|Laguna_Copperplate_Inscription_(circa_900 AD), a thin copperplate measuring less than 8x12 inches in size and is inscribed with small writing that had been hammered into its surface, shows heavy Indian cultural influence present in the Philippines during the era previous to Spanish colonization in the 16th centuryThe Laguna Copperplate inscription (also shortened to LCI) is the first written document found in a Philippine language. Found in 1989 in Laguna de Bay, in the metroplex of Manila, Philippines, the LCI has inscribed on it a date of Saka era 822, corresponding to 900 CE. It contains many words from Sanskrit, old Javanese, old Malay and old Tagalog. The purpose of the document is that it released its bearer, "Namwaran", from a debt in gold amounting to 1 "kati" and 8 "suwarnas" (865 grams). [http://www.mts.net/~pmorrow/lcieng.htm Laguna Copperplate Inscription - Article in English ] ] [http://www.bibingka.com/dahon/lci/lci.htm#lci_graphics The Laguna Copperplate Inscription] . Accessed September 04, 2008.] The document mentions the places of Tondo, Pila and Pulilan in the area around Manila Bay and Medan, Indonesia. The discovery of the Inscription has highlighted the evidence found of cultural links present between the Tagalog speaking people of this time and the various contemporary civilizations in Asia, most notably the Middle kingdoms of India and the Srivijaya empire, a topic in Philippine history of which not much is presently known.

Discovery

The Laguna Copperplate Inscription first found in 1989 at the mouth of the Lumban River near Laguna de Bay, by a man who was dredging sand to turn into concrete. Suspecting that the artifact might have some value, the man sold it to an antique dealer who, having found no buyers, eventually sold it to the Philippine National Museum.

It was in the National Museum that, a year later, the Dutch anthropologist and Mangyan language expert Antoon Postma noticed that the writing on the inscription was similar to an ancient Indonesian script called Kavi. Postma translated the script and found the document dated itself to the Saka year 822, which in the old Hindu calendar corresponded to 900 C.E. This meant that the document pre-dated the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, extending the record of Philippine history back by 600 years.

ignificance

The Laguna Copperplate Inscription, among other discoveries made in recent years in the country such as the Golden Tara of Butuan and 14th century pottery and gold jewellery artifacts found in Cebu, is highly important in revising the ancient history of the Philippine archipelago (which prior to the LCI discovery was considered by western historians to be culturally isolated from the rest of Asia, as no evident pre-hispanic written records were found at the time). It sheds light on the ancient Philippine history, which was previously largely ignored due to the dominantly Hispanic-derived culture present during the Spanish occupation. This document is considered a National treasure and rests in the National Museum of the Philippines in Manila.

Cultural references

The transliteration of the LCI shows heavy Sanskrit and Malay linguistic influence. Among the observances made by Pigafetta in the 16th century Boxer Codex, Old Malay was spoken among pre-colonized Filipinos as a lingua franca.

The use of Hindu references in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription would also suggest the people who authored this inscription, were followers of Hinduism and Buddhism at this time in history. The Golden Tara icon, an ancient artifact discovered in Butuan, Mindanao dating from the same period, also highly suggests the influence of Hindu and Buddhist religions being followed in the area (alongside Islam in many places in the archipelago from the 14th century onwards) up until the 16th century, when Roman Catholicism became the dominant religion of the Filipino people in a majority of the archipelago.

Transliteration

The transliteration is as follows:

"Swasti. Shaka warṣatita 822 Waisaka masa di(ng) Jyotiṣa.""Caturthi Kriṣnapaksa somawara sana tatkala Dayang Angkatan lawan dengan nya sanak barngaran si Bukah anak da dang Hwan Namwaran dibari waradana wi shuddhapattra ulih sang pamegat senapati di Tundun barja(di) dang Hwan Nayaka tuhan Pailah Jayadewa. "

"Di krama dang Hwan Namwaran dengan dang kayastha shuddha nu diparlappas hutang da walenda Kati 1 Suwarna 8 dihadapan dang Huwan Nayaka tuhan Puliran Kasumuran. "

"dang Hwan Nayaka tuhan Pailah barjadi ganashakti. Dang Hwan Nayaka tuhan Binwangan barjadi bishruta tathapi sadana sanak kapawaris ulih sang pamegat dewata [ba] rjadi sang pamegat Medang dari bhaktinda diparhulun sang pamegat. Ya makanya sadanya anak cucu dang Hwan Namwaran shuddha ya kapawaris dihutang da dang Hwan Namwaran di sang pamegat Dewata."

"Ini gerang syat syapanta ha pashkat ding ari kamudyan ada gerang urang barujara welung lappas hutang da dang hwa

English translation

"Long Live! Year of Saka 822, month of Vesak, according to Jyotisha (astronomy). The fourth day of the waning moon, Monday. On this occasion, Lady Angkatan, and her brother whose name is Bukah, the children of the Honourable Namwaran, were awarded a document of complete pardon from the Commander in Chief of Tundun, represented by the Lord Minister of Pailah, Jayadewa. "

"By this order, through the scribe, the Honourable Namwaran has been forgiven of all and is released from his debts and arrears of 1 Katî and 8 Suwarna before the Honourable Lord Minister of Puliran Kasumuran by the authority of the Lord Minister of Pailah."

"Because of his faithful service as a subject of the Chief, the Honourable and widely renowned Lord Minister of Binwangan recognized all the living relatives of Namwaran who were claimed by the Chief of Dewata, represented by the Chief of Medang."

"Yes, therefore the living descendants of the Honourable Namwaran are forgiven, indeed, of any and all debts of the Honourable Namwaran to the Chief of Dewata. "

"This, in any case, shall declare to whomever henceforth that on some future day should there be a man who claims that no release from the debt of the Honourable..."

The copper scroll differs in manufacture from the Javanese scrolls of the time in that the words are embossed into the plate, rather than being inscribed onto a heated, softened scroll of metal.

References

ee also

*Copperplate
*Tamil Copper-plate inscriptions
*Indian copper plate inscriptions
*Vatteluttu

External links

* [http://www.bibingka.com/dahon/lci/lci.htm Hector Santos' A Philippine Document from 900 A.D.]
* [http://www.mts.net/~pmorrow/lcieng.htm Paul Morrow's THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION]
* [http://bayangpinagpala.blogspot.com/2006/11/test-2.html Laguna Copperplate Inscription and the Route to Paracale]
* [http://bayangpinagpala.blogspot.com/2006/11/pailah-is-pila-laguna.html Pailah is Pila, Laguna]
* [http://bayangpinagpala.blogspot.com/2006/12/laguna-copperplate-inscription-purchase.html Laguna Copperplate Inscription Purchase Story]
* [http://bayangpinagpala.blogspot.com/2006/11/puliran-in-laguna-copperplate.html Puliran in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription: Laguna de Bay or Pulilan, Bulacan]