Aspendos

Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya province of Turkey. It is located 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) north of Serik.

History

Aspendus was an ancient city in Pamphylia, Asia Minor, located about 25 miles (40 km) east of the modern city of Antalya, Turkey. It was situated on the Eurymedon River about 10 miles (16 km) inland from the Mediterranean Sea. The Greek spelling of the name is "Aspendos". According to tradition, the city was founded around 1000 B.C. by Greeks who may have come from Argos. The wide range of its coinage throughout the ancient world indicates that, in the 5th century B.C., Aspendus had become the most important city in Pamphylia. At that time the Eurymedon River was navigable as far as Aspendus, and the city derived great wealth from a trade in salt, oil, and wool.

In 333 B.C. Aspendus paid Alexander the Great a levy to avoid being garrisoned, but it ignored its agreements with him and later was occupied. In 190 B.C. the city surrendered to the Romans, who later pillaged it of its artistic treasures. Toward the end of the Roman period the city began a decline that continued throughout Byzantine times.

Roman structures

Aspendos is known for having the best-preserved theater of antiquity. With a diameter of 96 meters (315 ft), the theater provided seating for 7,000.cite book | first=Leland M. | last=Roth | year=1993 | title=Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning | edition=First | publisher=Westview Press | location=Boulder, CO | id=ISBN 0-06-430158-3 | pages=]

The theater was built in 155 by the Greek architect Zenon, a native of the city, during the rule of Marcus Aurelius. It was periodically repaired by the Seljuks who used it as a caravansaray and in the 13th century, the stage building was converted into a palace by Seljuqs of Rum. [Scott Redford, "The Seljuqs of Rum and the Antique," "Muqarnas", Vol. 10, Essays in Honor of Oleg Grabar. (1993), p. 151.]

In order to keep with Hellenistic traditions, a small part of the theater was built so that it leaned against the hill where the Citadel (Acropolis) stood, while the remainder was built on vaulted arches. The high stage served to seemingly isolate the audience from the rest of the world. The "scaenae frons" or backdrop, has remained intact. The 8.1 meter (27 ft) sloping reflective wooden ceiling over the stage has been lost over time. Post holes for 58 masts are found in the upper level of the theater. These masts supported a velarium or awning that could be pulled over the audience to provide shade.

Until recently the theatre was still in use for concerts, festivals and events. Due to some damage caused by fitting modern theatrical equipment during these events the Turkish authorities have suspended further shows. A new modern facility known as Aspendos Arena has been constructed nearby to continue the tradition of open air theatre in Aspendos.

Nearby stand the remains of a basilica, agora, nymphaeum and 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) of Roman aqueduct.

Coinage

Aspendos was one of the earliest cities to mint coins, starting in early 5th century B.C. The coins of Aspendos frequently depict a Triskelion. The city's numismatic history extends from archaic Greek to late Roman times. [ [http://www.asiaminorcoins.com/gallery/thumbnails.php?album=264 Asia Minor Coins - Greek and Roman coins of Aspendos] ]

Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival

The theatre hosts the annual Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival organized by Turkish State Opera and Ballet since 1994, with international participation of opera and ballet companies and an audience of about 10,000.

References

External links

* [http://www.pointsfromturkey.com/aspendos.html Aspendos]
* [http://www.adiyamanli.org/aspendos.html History of Aspendos]
* [http://www.anatolia.luwo.be/Aspendos.htm Aspendos Guide and Photo Album]
* [http://www.wowturkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=14057 More photos from Aspendos]
* [http://crydee.sai.msu.ru/album/trips/2006.06.Turkey/Aspendos/index.html Aspendos photos folder]
* [http://maps.turkeyodyssey.com/city/maps_of_aspendos.php Maps of Aspendos]
* [http://www.turkeyinphotos.com/gallery/QuickGal.php?album=Aspendos/ Plan of the Aspendos Antic Theater]
* [http://www.whitman.edu/theatre/theatretour/aspendos/introduction/aspendso.intro1.htm The Theatre at Aspendos, The Ancient Theatre Archive, Theatre specifications and virtual reality tour of theatre]
* [http://www.livius.org/a/turkey/aspendus/aspendus01.html Livius.org: Aspendus]