List of state leaders in 1988

Africa

* Algeria -
**President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979-1992)
**Prime Minister -
**# Abdelhamid Brahimi, Prime Minister of Algeria (1984-1988)
**# Kasdi Merbah, Prime Minister of Algeria (1988-1989)
* Angola - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)
* Benin - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972-1991)
* Botswana - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980-1998)
* Burkina Faso - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987-present)
* Burundi -
**President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1987-1993)
**Prime Minister - Adrien Sibomana, Prime Minister of Burundi (19 October 1988 - 1993)
* Cameroon - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982-present)
* Cape Verde -
**President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
**Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
* Central African Republic - André Kolingba, President of the Central African Republic (1986-1993, Head of State 1981-1986)
* Chad - Hissène Habré, President of Chad (1982-1990)
* Comoros - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978-1989)
* Congo -
**Chairman of the Communist Party - Denis Sassou-Nguesso, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (1979-1991)
**President - Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President of Congo (1979-1992)
**Prime Minister - Ange-Édouard Poungui, Prime Minister of Congo (1984-1989)
* Côte d'Ivoire - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960-1993)
* Djibouti
**President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
**Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
* Equatorial Guinea
**President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
**Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982-1992)
* Ethiopia
**President - Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia (1987-1991, Head of State 1977-1987)
**Prime Minister - Fikre-Selassie Wogderess, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1987-1989)
* Gabon
**President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-present)
**Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975-1994)
* The Gambia - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970-1994)
* Ghana - Jerry John Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981-2001)
* Guinea - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-present)
* Guinea-Bissau - João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of State (1984-1994, President 1994-1999)
* Kenya - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
* Lesotho -
**Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970-1990)
**Head of Government - Justin Metsing Lekhanya, Chairman of the Military Council (1986-1991)
* Liberia - Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (1984-1990, Chairman of the People's Redemption Council 1980-1984)
* Libya -
**"De Facto" Head of State - Muammar al-Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution (1969-present)
**"De Jure" Head of State - Mifta al-Usta Umar, General Secretary of the General People's Congress (1984-1990)
**Head of Government - Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir, General Secretary of the General People's Committee (1987-1990)
* Madagascar -
**President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975-1993)
**Prime Minister -
**# Désiré Rakotoarijaona, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977-1988)
**# Victor Ramahatra, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1988-1991)
* Malawi - Hastings Kamuzu Banda, President of Malawi (1966-1994)
* Mali -
**President - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1979-1991, Head of State 1968-1979)
**Prime Minister -
**# Mamadou Dembelé, Prime Minister of Mali (1986-1988)
**# None (1988-1991)
* Mauritania -
**Head of State - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Head of State (1984-1992, President 1992-present)
**Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984-1992)
* Mauritius -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968-1992)
**Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, Governor-General of Mauritius (1986-1992, President 1992)
**Prime Minister - Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982-1995)
* Morocco -
**Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961-1999)
**Prime Minister - Azzedine Laraki, Prime Minister of Morocco (1986-1992)
*Mozambique -
**President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
**Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986–1994)
* Niger -
**Head of State - Ali Saibou, President of the Supreme Military Council (1987-1989, President 1989-1993)
* Nigeria - Ibrahim Babangida, President and Chairman of the Armed Forces Ruling Council (1985-1993)
* Rwanda - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973-1994)
* São Tomé and Príncipe -
**President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975-1991)
**Prime Minister -
**# "none" (1979-1988)
**# Celestino Rocha da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1988-1991)
* Senegal
** President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
* Seychelles - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
* Sierra Leone - Joseph Saidu Momoh, President of Sierra Leone (1985-1992)
* Somalia -
**President - Muhammad Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1976-1991, Head of State 1969-1976)
**Prime Minister - Mohamed Ali Samatar, Prime Minister of Somalia (1987-1990)
* South Africa - Pieter Willem Botha, State President of South Africa (1984-1989)
* Sudan -
**Head of State - Ahmad al-Mirghani, Chairman of the Supreme Council (1986-1989)
**Prime Minister - Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime Minister of the Sudan (1986-1989)
* Swaziland
**Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
**Prime Minister - Sotsha Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1986-1989)
* Tanzania
**President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985-1995)
**Prime Minister - Joseph Sinde Warioba, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1985-1990)
* Togo - Gnassingbe Eyadema, President of Togo (1967-2005)
* Tunisia
**President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987-present)
**Prime Minister - Hédi Baccouche, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1987-1989)
* Uganda -
**President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986-present)
**Prime Minister - Samson Kisekka, Prime Minister of Uganda (1986-1991)
* Western Sahara (disputed with Morocco) -
**President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1982-present, Head of State 1976-1982)
**Prime Minister -
**# Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1985-1988)
**# Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1988-1993)
* Zaire -
**President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965-1997)
**Head of Government -
**# Mabi Mulumba, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1987-1988)
**# Sambwa Pida Nbagui, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988)
**# Kengo Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988-1990)
* Zambia -
**President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964-1991)
**Prime Minister - Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (1985-1989)
* Zimbabwe - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987-present)

Asia

* Afghanistan -
**General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party - Mohammad Najibullah, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (1986-1992)
**President - Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (1987-1992)
**Prime Minister -
**# Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981-1988)
**# Mohammad Hasan Sharq, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1988-1989)
* Bangladesh -
**President - Hossain Mohammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1983–1990)
**Prime Minister -
**#Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1986–1988)
**#Moudud Ahmed, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1988–1989)
* Bhutan - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972-present)
* Brunei -
**Monarch - Muda Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah, Sultan (1967-present)
**Prime Minister - Muda Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984-present)
* Burma -
**Head of State -
**# San Yu, President of Burma (1981-1988)
**# Sein Lwin, President of Burma (1988)
**# Aye Ko, Acting President of Burma (1988)
**# Maung Maung, President of Burma (1988)
**# Saw Maung, Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Burma (1988-1992)
**Prime Minister -
**# Maung Maung Kha, Prime Minister of Burma (1977-1988)
**# Tun Tin, Prime Minister of Burma (1988)
**# Saw Maung, Prime Minister of Burma (1988-1992)
* People's Republic of China -
**"de facto" leader - Deng Xiaoping (late 1970s-early 1990s)
**Communist Party Leader - Zhao Ziyang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1987-1989)
**President -
**# Li Xiannian, President of the People's Republic of China (1983-1988)
**# Yang Shangkun, President of the People's Republic of China (1988-1993)
**Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1987-1998)
* India -
**President - Ramaswamy Venkataraman, President of India (1987-1992)
**Prime Minister - Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1984-1989)
*Indonesia - Haji Mohammad Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
* Iran
** Supreme Leader - Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979–1989)
** President - Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981–1989)
** Prime Minister - Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981–1989)
* Japan -
**Monarch - Showa Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1926-1989)
**Prime Minister - Noboru Takeshita, Prime Minister of Japan (1987-1989)
* Kampuchea -
**Secretary General of the Communist Party - Heng Samrin, Secretary-General of the People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea (1981-1991)
**Head of State - Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1981-1992)
**Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kampuchea (1985-1993)
* Democratic People's Republic of Korea -
**Communist Party Leader - Kim Il Sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (1948-1994)
**President - Kim Il Sung, President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1972-1994)
**Head of Government - Yon Hyong Muk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1992)
* Republic of Korea -
**President -
**# Chun Doo-hwan, President of the Republic of Korea (1980-1988)
**# Roh Tae-woo, President of the Republic of Korea (1988-1993)
**Prime Minister -
**# Kim Chung-yul, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1987-1988)
**# Lee Hyun-jae, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988)
**# Kang Young-hoon, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988-1990)
* Laos
**General Secretary of the Communist Party - Kaysone Phomvihan, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1955-1991, leading role in the state from 1975)
**President - Souphanouvong (1975-1991), President of Laos (1975-1991)
**Acting President - Phoumi Vongvichit, Acting President of Laos (1986-1991)
**Head of Government - Kaysone Phomvihan, Chairman of the Counil of Ministers (1975-1991)
* Malaysia -
**Monarch - Tuanku Mahmud Iskandar ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ismail, Paramount Ruler of Malaysia (1984-1989)
**Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981-2003)
* Maldives - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978-present)
* Mongolia -
**Communist Party Leader - Jambyn Batmönkh, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1984-1990)
**Head of State - Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural (1984-1990)
**Head of Government - Dumaagiin Sodnom, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1984-1990)
* Nepal -
**Monarch - Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (1972-2001)
**Prime Minister - Marich Man Singh Shrestha, Prime Minister of Nepal (1986-1990)
* Pakistan -
**President -
**# Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (1978-1988)
**# Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (1988-1993)
**Prime Minister -
**# Muhammad Khan Junejo, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1985-1988)
**# Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988)
**# "none" (1988)
**# Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988-1990)
* Philippines - Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines (1986-1992)
* Singapore -
**President - Wee Kim Wee, President of Singapore (1985-1993)
**Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959-1990)
* Sri Lanka -
**President - Junius Richard Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (1978-1989)
**Prime Minister - Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1978-1989)
* Taiwan (Republic of China) -
**President -
**# Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (1978-1988)
**# Lee Teng-hui, President of the Republic of China (1988-2000)
**# Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China (2000-2008)
* Thailand -
** King - Rama IX, King of Thailand (1946-present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Prem Tinsulanond, Prime Minister of Thailand (1980-1988)
**# Chatichai Choonhavan, Prime Minister of Thailand (1988-1991)
* Vietnam -
**Communist Party Leader - Nguyen Van Linh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1986-1991)
**Head of State - Vo Chi Cong, Chairman of the State Council (1987-1992)
**Head of Government -
**# Pham Hung, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1987-1988)
**# Vo Van Kiet, Acting Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988)
**# Do Muoi, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1991)

Australia and Oceania

* Australia -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
**Governor-General - Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (1982-1989)
**Prime Minister - Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983-1991)
* Fiji -
**President - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, President of Fiji (5 December, 1987-16 December, 1993)
**Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (5 December, 1987-2 June, 1992)
*Kiribati - Ieremia Tabai, President of Kiribati (1983–1991)
*Federated States of Micronesia - John Haglelgam, President of the Federated States of Micronesia (1987–1991)
*Marshall Islands - Amata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1979–1996)
*Nauru - Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1986-1989)
* New Zealand -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
**Governor-General - Sir Paul Reeves, Governor-General of New Zealand (1985-1990)
**Prime Minister - David Lange, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1984-1989)
* Papua New Guinea -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975-present)
**Governor-General - Sir Kingsford Dibela, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1983-1989)
**Prime Minister -
**# Paias Wingti, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1985-1988)
**# Rabbie Namaliu, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1988-1992)
*Solomon Islands -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
**Governor-General -
**#Baddeley Devesi, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1978–1988)
**#George Lepping, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1988–1994)
**Prime Minister - Ezekiel Alebua, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1986–1989)
* Tonga
** Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965 – 2006)
** Prime Minister - Tu'i Pelehake (Fatafehi), Prime Minister of Tonga, (1965 – 1991)
* Tuvalu
** Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
** Governor-General - Sir Tupua Leupena, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1986-1990)
** Prime Minister - Tomasi Puapua, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981-1989)
*Vanuatu -
**President - George Kalkoa, President of Vanuatu (1984–1989)
**Prime Minister - Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1980–1991)
* Western Samoa -
**Monarch - Malietoa Tanumafili II, Head of State of Western Samoa (1963-present)
**Prime Minister -
**# Va'ai Kolone, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1985-1988)
**# Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988-1998)

Europe

* Albania -
**First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor - Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985-1991)
**Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982-1991)
**Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1982-1991)
* Andorra -
**Co-Princes -
***François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
***Joan Martí Alanis, Bishop of Urgel (1971-2003)
**First Syndic - Francesc Cerqueda Pascuet, First Syndic of Andorra (1982-1990)
**Head of Government - Josep Pintat-Solans, Head of Government of Andorra (1984-1990)
*Austria -
**President - Kurt Waldheim, Federal President of Austria (1986–1992)
**Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
* Belgium -
**Monarch - Baldwin I, King of the Belgians (1951-1993)
**Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981-1992)
* Bulgaria -
**Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954-1989)
**Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971-1989)
**Premier - Georgi Atanasov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1986-1990)
* Cyprus -
*# Spyros Kyprianou, President of Cyprus (1977-1988)
*# Georgios Vasiliou, President of Cyprus (1988-1993)
* Czechoslovakia -
**Communist Party Leader - Miloš Jakeš, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1987-1989)
**President - Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975-1989)
**Prime Minister -
**# Lubomír Strougal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970-1988)
**# Ladislav Adamec, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1988-1989)
* Denmark -
**Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
**Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982-1993)
* Finland -
**President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1981-1994)
**Prime Minister - Harri Holkeri, Prime Minister of Finland (1987-1991)
* France -
**President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
**Prime Minister -
**# Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister of France (1986-1988)
**# Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France (1988-1991)
* Federal Republic of Germany -
**President - Richard von Weizsäcker, President of the Federal Republic of Germany (1984-1994)
**Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1982-1998)
* German Democratic Republic -
**Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971-1989)
**Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State (1976-1989)
**Head of Government - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1976-1989)
* Greece -
**President - Christos Sartzetakis, President of Greece (1985-1990)
**Prime Minister - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981-1989)
* Hungary -
**Communist Party Leader-
**# János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956-1988)
**# Károly Grósz, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1988-1989)
**Head of State -
**# Károly Németh, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1987-1988)
**# Brunó Ferenc Straub, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1988-1989)
**Premier -
**# Károly Grósz, President of the Council of Ministers (1987-1988)
**# Miklós Németh, President of the Council of Ministers (1988-1990)
* Iceland -
**President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980-1996)
**Prime Minister -
**# Thorsteinn Pálsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1987-1988)
**# Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1988-1991)
* Ireland -
**President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976-1990)
**Prime Minister - Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (1987-1992)
* Italy -
**President - Francesco Cossiga, President of the Italian Republic (1985-1992)
**Prime Minister -
**# Giovanni Goria, Prime Minister of Italy (1987-1988)
**# Ciriaco De Mita, Prime Minister of Italy (1988-1989)
* Liechtenstein -
**Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938-1989)
**Regent - Hereditary Prince Hans-Adam II, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984-1989, Prince 1989-present)
**Head of Government - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978-1993)
* Luxembourg -
**Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
**Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984-1995)
* Malta -
**Head of State - Paul Xuereb, Acting President of Malta (1987-1989)
**Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987-1996)
* Monaco -
**Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949-2005)
**Head of Government - Jean Ausseil, Minister of State of Monaco (1985-1991)
* Netherlands -
**Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands(1980-present)
**Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982-1994)
* Norway -
**Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957-1991)
**Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1986-1989)
* Poland -
**Communist Party Leader - Wojciech Jaruzelski, Secretary-General of the Polish United Workers' Party (1981-1989)
**Head of State - Wojciech Jaruzelski, Chairman of the Council of State (1985-1989, President 1989-1990)
**Premier -
**# Zbigniew Messner, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985-1988)
**# Mieczysław Rakowski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1989)
* Portugal -
**President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986-1996)
**Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985-1995)
* Romania -
**Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965-1989)
**Head of State - Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of the State Council (1967-1989)
**Premier - Constantin Dăscălescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1982-1989)
* San Marino -
**Captains-General -
**# Rossano Zafferani and Gian Franco Terenzi, Captains-General of San Marino (1987-1988)
**# Umberto Barulli and Rosolino Martelli, Captains-General of San Marino (1988)
**# Luciano Cardelli and Reves Salvatori, Captains-General of San Marino (1988-1989)
* Spain
**Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975-present)
**Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government (1982-1996)
* Sweden -
**Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)
**Prime Minister - Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1986-1991)
* Switzerland -
**Swiss Federal Council - Otto Stich, Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, Elisabeth Kopp, Arnold Koller, Flavio Cotti, René Felber, Adolf Ogi; members of the Swiss Federal Council.
* Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -
**Communist Party Leader - Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985-1991)
**Head of State -
**# Andrei Gromyko, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985-1988)
**# Mikhail Gorbachev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1988-1989, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet 1989-1990, President 1990-1991)
**Premier - Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985-1991)
* Turkey
** President - Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1982-1989)
** Prime Minister - Turgut Özal, Prime Minister of Turkey (1983-1989)
* United Kingdom -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
**Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990)
* Yugoslavia -
**Communist Party Leader -
**# Boško Krunić, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists (1987-1988)
**# Stipe Šuvar, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists (1988-1989)
**Head of State -
**# Lazar Mojsov, President of the Collective Presidency (1987-1988)
**# Raif Dizdarević, President of the Collective Presidency (1988-1989)
**Premier - Branko Mikulić, President of the Federal Executive Council (1986-1989)
*Vatican City
** Pope - John Paul II, Bishop of Rome (1978-2005)
** Secretary of State - Agostino Cardinal Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979-1990)

Middle East

* Bahrain -
**Monarch - Isa ibn Salman al-Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1971-1999, Ruler 1961-1971)
**Prime Minister - Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1971-present)
* Egypt -
**President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981-present)
**Prime Minister - Atef Sedki, Prime Minister of Egypt (1986-1996)
* Iran -
**Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1980-1989)
**President - Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981-1989)
**Prime Minister - Mir Hossein Moussavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981-1989)
* Iraq -
**President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979-2003)
**Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1979-1991)
* Israel -
**President - Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983-1993)
**Prime Minister - Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel (1986-1992)
* Jordan -
**Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952-1999)
**Prime Minister - Zaid ar-Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (1985-1989)
* Kuwait -
**Monarch - Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977-present)
**Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah Al Salim Al Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978-2003)
* Lebanon -
**President -
**# Amin Gemayel, President of Lebanon (1982-1988)
**# Sélim Ahmed al-Hoss, Acting President of Lebanon (1988-1989)
**Prime Minister -
**# Sélim Ahmed al-Hoss, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1987-1990)
**# Michel Aoun, Chairman of Military Cabinet (1988-1990, in opposition to al-Hoss)
* Oman -
**Monarch - Qabus ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Oman (1970-present)
**Prime Minister - Qabus ibn Sa'id, Prime Minister of Oman (1972-present)
* Qatar -
**Monarch - Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972-1995)
**Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970-1995)
* Saudi Arabia -
**Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982-present)
**Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982-present)
* Syria -
**President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971-2000)
**Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987-2000)
* United Arab Emirates -
**President - Sheikh Zaid ibn Sultan Al Nahayan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971-present)
**Prime Minister - Sheikh Rashid ibn Said Al Maktum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979-1990)
* People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
** President - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council (1986-1990)
** Prime Minister - Yasin Said Numan, Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1986-1990)
* Yemen Arab Republic
** President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of the Yemen Arab Republic (1978-1990)
** Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic (1983-1990)

North America and the Caribbean

*Antigua and Barbuda -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
**Governor-General - Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–1993)
**Prime Minister - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–1994)
*Bahamas -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
**Governor-General -
**#Gerald Cash, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979–1988)
**#Henry Milton Taylor, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988–1992)
**Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1973–1992)
*Barbados -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
**Governor-General - Hugh Springer, Governor-General of Barbados (1984–1990)
**Prime Minister - Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime Minister of Barbados (1987–1994)
*Belize -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
**Governor-General - Elmira Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
**Prime Minister - Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1984–1989)
* Canada -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
**Governor-General - Jeanne Sauvé, Governor-General of Canada (1984-1990)
**Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984-1993)
*Costa Rica - Óscar Arias, President of Costa Rica (1986–1990)
* Cuba - Fidel Castro, President of Cuba (1976-2008)
*Dominica -
**President - Clarence Augustus Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
**Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
*Dominican Republic - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
* El Salvador - José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (1984-1989)
* Grenada -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974-present)
**Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978-1992)
**Prime Minister - Herbert Blaize, Prime Minister of Grenada (1984-1989)
* Guatemala - Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo, President of Guatemala (1986-1991)
* Haiti -
**Head of State -
**# Henri Namphy, Chairman of the National Council (1986-1988)
**# Leslie Manigat, President of Haiti (1988)
**# Henri Namphy, President of Haiti (1988)
**# Prosper Avril, President of Haiti (1988-1990)
**Prime Minister - Martial Célestin, Prime Minister of Haiti (9 February - 20 June 1988)
* Honduras - José Azcona del Hoyo, President of Honduras (1986-1990)
* Jamaica -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962-present)
**Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole, Governor-General of Jamaica (1973-1991)
**Prime Minister - Edward Seaga, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1980-1989)
* Mexico -
*#Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, President of Mexico (1982-1988)
*#Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988-1994)
* Nicaragua - Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (1985-1990)
* Panama - President -
*# Eric Arturo Delvalle, President of Panama (1985-1988)
*# Manuel Solís Palma, President of Panama (1988-1989)
* Saint Kitts and Nevis -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-present)
**Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-1995)
**Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995-present)
* Saint Lucia -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979-present)
**Governor-General -
**# Vincent Floissac, Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1987-1988)
**# Stanislaus James, Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988-1992, Governor-General 1992-1996)
**Prime Minister - John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982-1996)
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979-present)
**Governor-General -
**# Sir Joseph Lambert Eustace, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1985-1988)
**# Henry Harvey Williams, Acting Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1988-1989)
**Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984-2000)
* Trinidad and Tobago -
**President - Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987-1997)
**Prime Minister - A.N.R. Robinson, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1986-1991)
* United States of America - Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981-1989)

outh America

* Argentina - Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina (1983-1989)
* Bolivia - Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1985-1989)
* Brazil - José Sarney, President of Brazil (1985-1990)
* Chile - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1973-1990)
* Colombia - Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia (1986-1990)
* Ecuador -
*# León Febres Cordero, President of Ecuador (1984-1988)
*# Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President of Ecuador (1988-1992)
* Guyana -
**President - Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (1985-1992)
**Prime Minister - Hamilton Green, Prime Minister of Guyana (1985-1992)
* Paraguay - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954-1989)
* Peru - Alan García Pérez, President of Peru (1985-1990)
* Suriname -
**President -
**# Ramdat Misier, President of Suriname (1982-1988)
**# Ramsewak Shankar, President of Suriname (1988-1990)
**Prime Minister - Jules Wijdenbosch, Prime Minister of Suriname (1987-1988) (post then abolished)
* Uruguay - Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, President of Uruguay (1985-1990)
* Venezuela - Jaime Lusinchi, President of Venezuela (1984-1989)