Gerhard Armauer Hansen

Gerhard Armauer Hansen

Infobox_Scientist
name = Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen


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birth_date = birth date|1841|7|29|mf=y
birth_place = Bergen, Norway
death_date = death date and age|1912|2|12|1841|7|29|mf=y
death_place = Florø, Norway
residence =
citizenship =
nationality =
ethnicity =
field = Epidemiology
work_institution =
alma_mater = University of Oslo
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known_for =
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prizes = Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav
religion =
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Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (July 29, 1841February 12, 1912) was a Norwegian physician, remembered for his identification of the bacterium "Mycobacterium leprae" in 1873 as the causative agent of leprosy.cite journal | author = Hansen GHA | title = Undersøgelser Angående Spedalskhedens Årsager (Investigations concerning the etiology of leprosy) | journal = Norsk Mag. Laegervidenskaben | year = 1874 | volume = 4| pages = pp. 1–88 | language = Norwegian ] cite journal |author=Irgens L |title=The discovery of the leprosy bacillus |journal=Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen |volume=122 |issue=7 |pages=708–9 |year=2002 |pmid=11998735]

Hansen was born in Bergen and studied medicine at the Royal Frederik's University (now the University of Oslo), gaining his degree in 1866. He served a brief internship at the National Hospital in Christiania (Oslo) and as a doctor in Lofoten. In 1868 Hansen returned to Bergen to study leprosy while working with Daniel Cornelius Danielssen, a noted expert.

Leprosy was regarded as largely hereditary or otherwise miasmic in origin. Hansen concluded on the basis of epidemiological studies that leprosy was a specific disease with a specific cause.cite journal |author=Irgens L |title=The discovery of Mycobacterium leprae. A medical achievement in the light of evolving scientific methods |journal=Am J Dermatopathol |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=337–43 |year=1984 |pmid=6388392] In 1870-71 Hansen travelled to Bonn and Vienna to gain the training necessary for him to prove his hypothesis.cite web | url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/596.html | title=Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen | work=whonamedit.com | accessdate=2007-03-22] In 1873, as he announced the discovery of "Mycobacterium leprae" in the tissues of all sufferers, although he did not identify them as bacteria, and received little support.

In 1879 he gave tissue samples to Albert Neisser who successfully stained the bacteria and announced his findings in 1880, claiming to have discovered the disease-causing organism. There was some conflict between Neisser and Hansen, Hansen as discoverer of the bacillus and Neisser as identifier of it as the etiological agent. Neisser put in some effort to downplay the assistance of Hansen. Hansen's claim was injured by his failure to produce a pure microbiological culture in an artificial medium or to prove that the rod-shaped organisms were infectious. Further Hansen had attempted to infect at least one female patient without consent and although no damage was caused, that case ended in court and Hansen lost his post at the hospital.

Hansen remained medical officer for leprosy in Norway and it was through his efforts that the leprosy acts of 1877 and 1885 were passed, leading to a steady decline of the disease in Norway from 1,800 known cases in 1875 to just 575 cases in 1901. His distinguished work was recognized at the International Leprosy Congress held at Bergen in 1909.

Hansen had suffered from syphilis since the 1860s but died of heart disease.

In Bergen, Norway a medical museum has been designated Hansen, which is often referred to as the "Leprosy Museum". The University of Bergen has also dedicated a research facility to him - "Armauer Hansen Building" - located at Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen. The Leprosy Archives in Bergen has been nominated by UNESCO to the list:Memory of the World.

References

External links

* [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/596.html Gerhard Henryk Armauer Hansen] . WhoNamedIt.
* [http://digitalarkivet.uib.no/cgi-win/webmeny.exe?s
] The Leprosy Archives in Bergen:
* [http://www.leprosyhistory.org/cgi-bin/showdetails.pl?ID=109&type=Archive]
* [http://www.leprosyhistory.org/cgi-bin/showdetails.pl?ID=110&type=Archive]
* [http://www.leprosyhistory.org/cgi-bin/showdetails.pl?ID=111&type=Archive]
* [http://digitalarkivet.no/lepraarkiv/ LEPRAARKIV ] at digitalarkivet.no Best link in English and Norwegian.

Persondata
NAME= Hansen, Gerhard Henrik Armauer
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Epidemologist
DATE OF BIRTH= July 29, 1841
PLACE OF BIRTH= Bergen, Norway
DATE OF DEATH= February 12, 1912
PLACE OF DEATH= Florø, Norway


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Gerhard Armauer Hansen — Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (* 29. Juli 1841 in Bergen; † 12. Februar 1912 in Florø) war ein norwegischer Arzt und Zoologe in Bergen, der 1873 den Erreger der Lepra, das Mycobacterium leprae …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Gerhard Armauer Hansen — Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen Nacimiento 29 de julio 1841 Bergen, Noruega Fallecimiento …   Wikipedia Español

  • Gerhard Armauer Hansen — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Hansen. Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen, né le 29 juillet 1841 à Bergen et mort le 12 février 1912 à Florø (Norvège), est un médecin bactériologiste et dermatologue norvégien. Il est resté… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen — Gerhard Armauer Hansen Pour les articles homonymes, voir Hansen. Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (29 juillet 1841 12 février 1912) était un médecin bactériologiste et dermatologue norvégien. Il est resté célèbre pour sa découverte en 1873 du… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Armauer Hansen — Gerhard Armauer Hansen Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (* 29. Juli 1841 in Bergen; † 12. Februar 1912 in Florø) war ein norwegischer Arzt und Zoologe in Bergen, der 1873 den Erreger der Lepra, das Mycobacterium leprae, in ungefärb …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Gerhard A. Hansen — n. Gerhard Henrick Armauer Hansen (1841 1912), Norwegian physician who first identified the leprosy microbe (Mycobacterium leprae) in 1873 …   English contemporary dictionary

  • Hansen (Familienname) — Hansen ist ein Familienname. Herkunft und Bedeutung Der Name „Hansen“ ist ein patronymisch gebildeter Familienname mit der Bedeutung „Sohn des Hans“. Verbreitung Der Name ist vor allem im deutschen, dänischen und norwegischen Sprachraum… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Hansen-Krankheit — Dieser Artikel oder Abschnitt ist nicht hinreichend mit Belegen (Literatur, Webseiten oder Einzelnachweisen) versehen. Die fraglichen Angaben werden daher möglicherweise demnächst gelöscht. Hilf Wikipedia, indem du die Angaben recherchierst und… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Hansen — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Patronyme Le nom de Hansen est porté par plusieurs personnalités (par ordre alphabétique) : Bertel Hansen (1932 2005), botaniste danois Bob Hansen… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Hansen [2] — Hansen, 1) Maurits, norweg. Dichter, geb. 5. Juli 1794 in Modum, gest. 16. Mai 1842 in Kongsberg als Rektor der kommunalen Mittelschule, ist der erste Romantiker, der erste Novellist und zu gleicher Zeit der produktivste Schriftsteller Norwegens …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

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