Solothurn

Solothurn

Infobox Swiss town
subject_name = Solothurn
municipality_name = Solothurn
municipality_type = city
imagepath_coa = Coat of arms of Solothurn.svg|pixel_coa=



languages = German
canton = Solothurn
iso-code-region = CH-SO
district = Solothurn
lat_d=47|lat_m=13|lat_NS=N|long_d=7|long_m=32|long_EW=E
postal_code = 4500
municipality_code = 2601
area = 6.29
elevation = 430|elevation_description=
population = 15086|populationof = December 2006
website = www.stadt-solothurn.ch
mayor = Kurt Fluri|mayor_asof=2008|mayor_party=FDP
mayor_title = Stadtpräsident
list_of_mayors =
places =
demonym =
neighboring_municipalities= Bellach, Biberist, Feldbrunnen-Sankt Niklaus, Langendorf, Rüttenen, Zuchwil
twintowns = Heilbronn (Germany), Kraków (Poland), Le Landeron (Switzerland)|
Infobox Former Country
native_name = "Reichsstadt Solothurn"
conventional_long_name = Imperial City of Solothurn
common_name = Solothurn|
continent = Europe
region = Alps
country = Switzerland
era = Middle Ages
status = City-state
empire = Holy Roman Empire
government_type = Republic|
year_start = 1218
year_end = 1648|
event_pre = Founded
date_pre = AD 1437
event_start = Gained "Reichsfreiheit"
date_start =
event1 = Allied with Bern
date_event1 = 1295
event2 = Became Swiss associate
date_event2 = 1353
event3 = Failed annexation by
counts of Kyburg
date_event3 =
Night of 10 November 1382
event4 = Became full member of
Swiss confederacy
date_event4 =
22 December 1481
event_end = Joined Golden League
date_end = October 5 1586
event_post = Swiss independence
recognised

date_post =
October 24 1648|
p1 = House of Zähringen
image_p1 =
s1 = Canton of Solothurn
image_s1 = |
capital = Solothurn|
footnotes =
The city of Solothurn (German: Audio|De-Solothurn.ogg|"Solothurn", _fr. Soleure, _it. Soletta) is the capital of the Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. The city also comprises the only municipality of the district of the same name.

Geography

Solothurn is on the Aare river, at the foot of the Jura mountains.

History

This Celtic settlement was renewed around AD 1437 by the Roman emperor Claudius, and became a Roman stronghold ("castrum") under the name of "Salodurum". Its strategical importance lay in the position at the approach to the Rhine from southeast.

In the Middle Ages the settlement grew around the remains of the Roman fortress and the religious house of St. Ursen, dedicated to Ursus of Solothurn, founded in the 8th century. In 1127, it was acquired by the dukes of Zähringen, and became a free imperial city in 1218 when that dynasty extinguished. After the alliance with Berne in 1295, it became part of the Swiss Confederation. In 1382 the Habsburgs attacked the city, involving Solothurn in the Battle of Sempach. By the treaty of two years later, the Habsburgs renounced all claims to the territory of the city. The latter was expanded by acquisition of neighbouring lands in the 15th century, roughly up to the today's canton area.

In 1481, it obtained full membership in the Swiss Confederation, and in 15301792 it was the seat of the French ambassador to the Swiss. On October 15, 1817, Tadeusz Kościuszko, the national hero of Poland and United States died in Solothurn and was initially interred at the local cemetery.

In 1828 Solothurn became the seat of the Bishop of Basel.

Rock band Krokus was formed in Solothurn in 1974.

Architecture

The city calls itself Switzerland's largest Baroque City.

The old town was built between 1530 and 1792 and shows an architectural combination of Italian Grandezza, French style and Swiss ideas. In 2004, it had a population of 15,137.

In 1980, Solothurn was awarded the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage.

Main sights

*Besenval Palace
*Cathedral St. Ursus (176273). It was begun by Gaetano Matteo Pisoni and completed by Paolo Antonio Pisoni. The interior has stuccoes by Francesco Pozzi and canvasses by Domenico Corvi.
*Church of the Jesuits ("Jesuitenkirche", 168089)
*Clock tower ("Zeitglockenturm", 12th century)
*Gate of Basel
*Gate of Bienne
*Landhaus
*Museum of the Old Arsenal (160914), housing the most ancient collection of armor in Europe.
*Old town
*The Verena Gorge and the Hermitage
*Waldegg Castle
*Weissenstein mountain

The number 11

Solothurn has a special affinity to the number eleven.

The Canton of Solothurn was the eleventh to become part of the Swiss Confederation. There are eleven churches and chapels, as well as eleven historical fountains and eleven towers. The St. Ursus cathedral has eleven altars and eleven bells, and the stairs in front of the cathedral have levels between every eleven steps.

A local brewery has named itself "Öufi", which is Swiss German for eleven, and produces a beer with the same name.

Sister cities

*flagicon|DEU Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, since 1981
*flagicon|POL Kraków, Lesser Poland, Poland, since 1990
*flagicon|CH Le Landeron, Berne, Switzerland, since 2003

See also

*Solothurner Literaturpreis

External links

* [http://www.espace.ch/page_60.html Official site] de icon
* [http://www.smagoo.ch/solothurn Every Shop in Solothurn] on Smagoo
* [http://www.solothurn-city.ch/topic2477.html Solothurn tourist office] en icon
* [http://www.touchtown.ch/Solothurn/ Virtual Citytour] de icon


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  • Solothurn — Basisdaten Staat: Schweiz Kanton …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Solothurn — (franz. Soleure), 1) Canton der Schweiz, liegt zackig zwischen Basel, Aargau u. Bern, hat zwei kleine Enclaven (Klein. Lützel u. Mariastein nach den Hauptortschaften) zwischen den Cantonen Bern u. Basel u. dem französischen Departement Oberrhein; …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Solothurn [2] — Solothurn, Hauptstadt des gleichnamigen Kantons (s. oben), breitet sich an beiden Seiten der Aare, 426 m ü. M., aus, als »Vorstadt« oder Neu S. auf dem linken, als Alt S. oder eigentliche Stadt auf dem rechten Ufer und ist Knotenpunkt der… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Solothurn [1] — Solothurn (franz. Soleure, ital. Soletta), ein Kanton der Schweiz, wird im O. von Basel und Aargau, im Süden und W. von Bern begrenzt, umfaßt mit zwei Exklaven Mariastein und Klein Lützel 791,51 qkm, gehört fast zu gleichen Teilen dem Kettenjura… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Solothurn — (frz. Soleure), Kanton der westl. Schweiz, 791 qkm, (1900) 112.227 meist deutsche E. (37.101 Katholiken, 1897 Israeliten), wird vom Jura durchzogen, von Aare und Birs bewässert; sehr fruchtbar. Der Kanton zerfällt in fünf Bezirke. S. trat 1481… …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Solothurn — Solothurn. Die anmuthigste Abwechselung von Bergen, Thälern und Ebenen bildet die Oberfläche dieses 12 Quadrat M. großen und von 60,000 mehr landwirthlichen als industriösen Ew. bewohnten Schweizercantons zwischen Basellandschaft, Aargau und Bern …   Damen Conversations Lexikon

  • Solothurn — Solothurn, der 10. Kanton der schweizer. Eidgenossenschaft, an Baselland, Aargau, Bern, mit einigen Enclaven an Frankreich gränzend, hat auf 12 QM. 69000 E., die mit Ausnahme von 8000 Reformirten im Amte Bucheggberg Katholiken sind. Das Land ist… …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • Solothurn — [zō′lō̂ toorn΄] 1. canton of NW Switzerland: 305 sq mi (790 sq km); pop. 237,000 2. its capital: pop. 15,000 …   English World dictionary

  • Solothurn — So|lo|thurn: Schweizer Kanton u. Stadt. * * * Solothurn,   französisch Soleure [sɔ lœːr],    1) Hauptstadt des Kantons Solothurn, Schweiz, 437 m über dem Meeresspiegel, erstreckt sich am Fuß des Weißensteins beiderseits der mittleren Aare, 15 300 …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Solothurn — Ger. /zoh law toorddn /, n. 1. a city in NW Switzerland, on the Aar River: capital of canton of Solothurn. 16,200. 2. a canton in NW Switzerland. 224,800. French, Soleure. * * * ▪ Switzerland (German), French  Soleure,         capital of …   Universalium

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