Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) (MYD88) is a universal adapter protein as it is used by all TLRs (except TLR 3) to activate transcription factor Nfkappa B. Mal (also known as TIRAP) is necessary to recruit Myd88 to TLR 2 and TLR 4, and MyD88 then signals through IRAK.[cite web |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=606252 |title=OMIM - TIR DOMAIN-CONTAINING ADAPTOR PROTEIN; TIRAP |format= |work= |accessdate=] MYD88 is also its human gene, [cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MYD88 Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4615| accessdate = ] though available evidence suggests that MyD88 is dispensible for human resistance to common viral infections and to all but a few pyogenic bacterial infections, demonstrating a major difference between mouse and human immune responses.][cite journal |author=von Bernuth H, Picard C, Jin Z, "et al" |title=Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with MyD88 deficiency |journal=Science (journal) |volume=321 |issue=5889 |pages=691–6 |year=2008 |month=August |pmid=18669862 |doi=10.1126/science.1158298 |url=] ]History
MyD88 was originally discovered and cloned by Drs Dan A Liebermann& Barbara Hoffman as "Myeloid Differentiation primary response gene 88". [cite journal |author=Lord KA, Hoffman-Liebermann B, Liebermann DA |title=Nucleotide sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding MyD88, a novel myeloid differentiation primary response gene induced by IL6 |journal=Oncogene |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=1095–7 |year=1990 |pmid=2374694 |doi=] ]References
Further reading
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*cite journal | author=Hardiman G, Rock FL, Balasubramanian S, "et al." |title=Molecular characterization and modular analysis of human MyD88. |journal=Oncogene |volume=13 |issue= 11 |pages= 2467–75 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8957090 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bonnert TP, Garka KE, Parnet P, "et al." |title=The cloning and characterization of human MyD88: a member of an IL-1 receptor related family. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=402 |issue= 1 |pages= 81–4 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9013863 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Hardiman G, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, "et al." |title=Genetic structure and chromosomal mapping of MyD88. |journal=Genomics |volume=45 |issue= 2 |pages= 332–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9344657 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4940
*cite journal | author=Muzio M, Ni J, Feng P, Dixit VM |title=IRAK (Pelle) family member IRAK-2 and MyD88 as proximal mediators of IL-1 signaling. |journal=Science |volume=278 |issue= 5343 |pages= 1612–5 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9374458 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Jaunin F, Burns K, Tschopp J, "et al." |title=Ultrastructural distribution of the death-domain-containing MyD88 protein in HeLa cells. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=243 |issue= 1 |pages= 67–75 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9716450 |doi= 10.1006/excr.1998.4131
*cite journal | author=Wesche H, Gao X, Li X, "et al." |title=IRAK-M is a novel member of the Pelle/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 27 |pages= 19403–10 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10383454 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Burns K, Clatworthy J, Martin L, "et al." |title=Tollip, a new component of the IL-1RI pathway, links IRAK to the IL-1 receptor. |journal=Nat. Cell Biol. |volume=2 |issue= 6 |pages= 346–51 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10854325 |doi= 10.1038/35014038
*cite journal | author=Aliprantis AO, Yang RB, Weiss DS, "et al." |title=The apoptotic signaling pathway activated by Toll-like receptor-2. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=19 |issue= 13 |pages= 3325–36 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10880445 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/19.13.3325
*cite journal | author=Rhee SH, Hwang D |title=Murine TOLL-like receptor 4 confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness as determined by activation of NF kappa B and expression of the inducible cyclooxygenase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 44 |pages= 34035–40 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10952994 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M007386200
*cite journal | author=Fitzgerald KA, Palsson-McDermott EM, Bowie AG, "et al." |title=Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction. |journal=Nature |volume=413 |issue= 6851 |pages= 78–83 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11544529 |doi= 10.1038/35092578
*cite journal | author=Tauszig-Delamasure S, Bilak H, Capovilla M, "et al." |title=Drosophila MyD88 is required for the response to fungal and Gram-positive bacterial infections. |journal=Nat. Immunol. |volume=3 |issue= 1 |pages= 91–7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11743586 |doi= 10.1038/ni747
*cite journal | author=Bannerman DD, Tupper JC, Kelly JD, "et al." |title=The Fas-associated death domain protein suppresses activation of NF-kappa B by LPS and IL-1 beta. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=109 |issue= 3 |pages= 419–25 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11828002 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Tamai R, Sakuta T, Matsushita K, "et al." |title=Human gingival CD14(+) fibroblasts primed with gamma interferon increase production of interleukin-8 in response to lipopolysaccharide through up-regulation of membrane CD14 and MyD88 mRNA expression. |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=70 |issue= 3 |pages= 1272–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11854210 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Radons J, Gabler S, Wesche H, "et al." |title=Identification of essential regions in the cytoplasmic tail of interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein critical for interleukin-1 signaling. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 19 |pages= 16456–63 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11880380 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M201000200
*cite journal | author=Janssens S, Burns K, Tschopp J, Beyaert R |title=Regulation of interleukin-1- and lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation by alternative splicing of MyD88. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=12 |issue= 6 |pages= 467–71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11909531 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Li S, Strelow A, Fontana EJ, Wesche H |title=IRAK-4: a novel member of the IRAK family with the properties of an IRAK-kinase. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 8 |pages= 5567–72 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11960013 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.082100399
*cite journal | author=Medvedev AE, Lentschat A, Wahl LM, "et al." |title=Dysregulation of LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4-MyD88 complex formation and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 activation in endotoxin-tolerant cells. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=169 |issue= 9 |pages= 5209–16 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12391239 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Raschi E, Testoni C, Bosisio D, "et al." |title=Role of the MyD88 transduction signaling pathway in endothelial activation by antiphospholipid antibodies. |journal=Blood |volume=101 |issue= 9 |pages= 3495–500 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12531807 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2002-08-2349
*cite journal | author=Doyle SE, O'Connell R, Vaidya SA, "et al." |title=Toll-like receptor 3 mediates a more potent antiviral response than Toll-like receptor 4. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=170 |issue= 7 |pages= 3565–71 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12646618 |doi=
External links
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