- Clupeidae
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Clupeidae
Temporal range: Early Eocene–Recent [1]
Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Clupeiformes Family: Clupeidae Subfamilies Dussumieriinae
Clupeinae
Alosinae
Pellonulinae
DorosomatinaeClupeidae is the family of the herrings, shads, sardines, hilsa and menhadens. It includes many of the most important food fishes in the world.
Contents
Description and biology
Clupeids are mostly marine forage fish, although a few species are found in freshwater. No species has scales on the head, and some are entirely scaleless. The lateral line is short or absent, and the teeth are unusually small where they are present at all. Clupeids typically feeds on plankton, and range from 2 centimetres (0.79 in) to 75 centimetres (30 in) in length.[1]
Clupeids spawn huge numbers of eggs (up to 200,000 in some species) near the surface of the water. After hatching, the larvae live among the plankton until they develop a swim bladder and transform into adults. The adults typically live in large shoals.[2]
Commercial species
Important commercial species include:
- Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus
- Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus
- Baltic herring, Clupea harengus membras
- Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii
- Sardine, Sardina pilchardus
Genera
- Subfamily Dussumieriinae (round herrings)
- Dayella
- Dussumieria
- Etrumeus
- Gilchristella
- Jenkinsia
- Sauvagella
- Spratelloides
- Spratellomorpha
- Subfamily Clupeinae
- Amblygaster
- Clupea
- Clupeonella
- Escualosa
- Harengula
- Herklotsichthys
- Lile
- Opisthonema
- Subfamily Alosinae (shads, menhadens)
- Alosa
- Brevoortia
- Ethmalosa
- Ethmidium
- Gudusia
- Hilsa
- Tenualosa
- Subfamily Pellonulinae (freshwater herrings)
- Knightia (prehistoric)
- Clupeichthys
- Clupeoides
- Congothrissa
- Corica
- Ehirava
- Hyperlophus
- Laeviscutella
- Limnothrissa
- Microthrissa
- Minyclupeoides
- Odaxothrissa
- Pellonula
- Poecilothrissa
- Potamalosa
- Potamothrissa
- Subfamily Dorosomatinae (gizzard shads)
- Anodontostoma
- Clupanodon
- Dorosoma
- Gonialosa
- Konosirus
- Nematalosa
- Incertae sedis (position uncertain)
- Chirocentrodon
- Ilisha
- Nannothrissa
- Neoopisthopterus
- Odontognathus
- Opisthopterus
- Platanichthys
- Pliosteostoma
- Raconda
- Ramnogaster
- Rhinosardinia
- Sardina
- Sardinella
- Sardinops
- Sierrathrissa
- Sprattus
- Stolothrissa
- Thrattidion
See also
References
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Clupeidae" in FishBase. May 2006 version.
- Miko's Phylogeny Archive
Categories:- Clupeidae
- Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
- Fish of the Pacific Ocean
- Pan-tropical fish
- Fish of the Indian Ocean
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