Giuseppe Zanardelli

Infobox Prime Minister
name = Giuseppe Zanardelli


order = 24th Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy
monarch = Victor Emmanuel III
term_start = February 15, 1901
term_end = November 3, 1903
predecessor = Giuseppe Saracco
successor = Giovanni Giolitti
order2 = President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies
term_start4 = November 16, 1898
term_end4 = May 25, 1899
predecessor4 = Giuseppe Branchieri
successor4 = Luigi Chinaglia
term_start3 = April 5, 1897
term_end3 = December 14, 1897
predecessor3 = Tommaso Villa
successor3 = Giuseppe Branchieri
term_start2 = November 23, 1892
term_end2 = February 20, 1894
predecessor2 = Giuseppe Branchieri
successor2 = Giuseppe Branchieri
order5 = Italian Minister of the Interior
primeminister5 = Benedetto Cairoli
term_start5 = March 28, 1878
term_end5 = December 19, 1878
predecessor5 = Agostino Depretis
successor5 = Agostino Depretis
primeminister6 = Giovanni Giolitti
term_start6 = June 21, 1903
term_end6 = November 2, 1903
predecessor6 = Giovanni Giolitti
successor6 = Giovanni Giolitti
birth_date = birth date|1826|10|29|mf=y
death_date = death date|1903|12|26|mf=y
birth_place = Brescia, Italy
death_place = Maderno, Italy
party = Liberal
nationality = Italian

Giuseppe Zanardelli (October 29, 1826 – December 26, 1903) was an Italian jurisconsult, nationalist and political figure. He was prime minister of Italy from February 15, 1901 to November 3, 1903.

Biography

Giuseppe Zanardelli was born at Brescia (Lombardy).

A combatant in the volunteer corps during the war of 1848, he returned to Brescia after the defeat of Novara, and for a time earned a livelihood by teaching law, but was molested by the Austrian police and forbidden to teach in consequence of his refusal to contribute pro-Austrian articles to the press. Elected deputy in 1859, he received various administrative appointments, but only attained a political office in 1876 when the Left, of which he had been a prominent and influential member, came into power. Minister of public works in the first Depretis cabinet of 1876, and minister of the interior in the Cairoli cabinet of 1878, he in the latter capacity drafted the franchise reform, but created dissatisfaction by the indecision of his administrative acts, particularly in regard to the Irredentist agitation, and by his theory of repressing and not in any way preventing crime, which led for a time to a perfect epidemic of murders.

Overthrown with Cairoli in December 1878, he returned to power as minister of justice in the Depretis cabinet of 1881, and succeeded in completing the commercial code. Abandoned by Depretis in 1883, he remained in opposition until 1887, when he again joined Depretis as minister of justice, retaining his portfolio throughout the ensuing Crispi ministry, until January 31, 1891. During this period he promulgated the Criminal Code, and began the reform of the magistracy.

After the fall of the Giolitti cabinet in 1893, Zanardelli made a strenuous but unsuccessful attempt to form an administration. Elected president of the chamber in 1894 and 1896, he exercised that office with ability until, in December 1897, he accepted the portfolio of justice in the Rudinì cabinet, only to resign in the following spring on account of dissensions with his colleague, Visconti-Venosta, over the measures necessary to prevent a recurrence of the tumults of May 1898.

Returning to the presidency of the chamber, he again abandoned his post in order to associate himself with the obstructionist campaign against the Public Safety Bill (1899-1900), and was rewarded by being enabled to form an administration with the support of the Extreme Left upon the fall of the Saracco cabinet in February 1901. He was unable to achieve much during his last term of office, as his health was greatly impaired; his Divorce Bill, although voted in the chamber, had to be withdrawn on account of the strong opposition of the country. He retired from the administration on November 21, 1903.

On September 15, 1902, Giuseppe Zanardelli stayed at the Gran Hotel of the Commander Guglielmo Baron Tramontano of Sorrento, who was also the mayor of the city Sorrento. Baron Guglielmo Tramontano asked the musician brothers Giambattista and Ernesto De Curtis to compose and write a song in honour of Zanardelli - and the result became the famous neapolitan song "Torna a Surriento" ("Come Back to Sorrento").

References

*1911

External links

*cite book
title=Studii sulla sessione parlamentare, 1861-1862
author=Giuseppe Zanardelli
year=1863
publisher=F. Apollonio
isbn=
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZGNVwxyonNAC&pg=PA1&dq=inauthor:Zanardelli&as_brr=1#PPP5,M1
*cite book
title=Discorsi parlamentari
author=Giuseppe Zanardelli, Italy Parlamento. Camera dei deputati
year=1905
publisher=Camera dei Deputati
isbn=
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9EQJpqkUqOIC&pg=PA3&dq=inauthor:Zanardelli&as_brr=1#PPR1,M1
*cite book
title=Della vita del professore Camillo Guerini
author=Giuseppe Zanardelli
year=1862
publisher=F. Apollonio
isbn=
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Q6JfAAmXVFsC&pg=PA1&dq=inauthor:Zanardelli&as_brr=1