Snuffle

Snuffle

Snuffle is an encryption system designed by Daniel Bernstein and the subject of his court case, Bernstein v. United States.

Often lost in the discussion of Bernstein v. United States, the court case that overturned and eventually eliminated US export restrictions on cryptography, is that the subject of the case, Snuffle, was itself an attempt to bypass the regulations.

Snuffle showed how to use a cryptographic hash function, which was legal to export, as a strong encryption system, which was illegal to export. The irony of the case was that it was not the hash that was illegal, but the software that showed how to use it.

Snuffle source code is widely available on the Internet and included on the disks accompanying Bruce Schneier's "Applied Cryptography". Although his court case was dismissed in October 2003, Bernstein still as of 2007 has not published his cryptography pages or the technical papers describing Snuffle.

In early 2005, Bernstein submitted an updated version of Snuffle, called Snuffle 2005 based on his Salsa20 hash function, to the ECRYPT Stream Cipher project.

How Snuffle works

Stream ciphers work by taking a string (the encryption key) and deterministically generating a bunch of random-seeming text from that key. That text is then XORed against the message you want to encipher. To decipher the text, the recipient simply hands the same key to the stream cipher and XORs the results with the ciphertext, resulting in the original message.

Snuffle simply works by using a hash function to generate the random-seeming text by hashing the key with sequential integers (1, 2, 3, etc.).

ee also

* "Junger v. Daley"
* Counter mode


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  • Snuffle — Snuf fle, n. 1. The act of snuffing; a sound made by the air passing through the nose when obstructed. [1913 Webster] This dread sovereign, Breath, in its passage, gave a snort or snuffle. Coleridge. [1913 Webster] 2. An affected nasal twang;… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Snuffle — Snuf fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Snuffled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Snuffling}.] [Freq. of snuff, v.i.; akin to LG. snuffeln, G. schn[ u]ffeln, D. snuffeln, Dan. sn[ o]vle. Cf. {Sniffle}.] To speak through the nose; to breathe through the nose when it is… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • snuffle — 1580s, from Du. or Flem. snuffelen to sniff about, pry, related to Du. and Flem. snuffen to sniff (see SNUFF (Cf. snuff) (2)). Related: Snuffled; snuffling …   Etymology dictionary

  • snuffle — ► VERB 1) breathe noisily through a partially blocked nose. 2) (of an animal) make repeated sniffing sounds. ► NOUN 1) a snuffling sound. 2) (the snuffles) informal a cold. DERIVATIVES snuffl …   English terms dictionary

  • snuffle — [snuf′əl] vi. snuffled, snuffling [freq. of SNUFF2, v.] 1. to breathe audibly and with difficulty or by constant sniffing, as a dog in trailing; sniff or sniffle 2. to speak or sing in a nasal tone 3. Rare to whine vt. to utter by …   English World dictionary

  • snuffle — UK [ˈsnʌf(ə)l] / US verb [intransitive] Word forms snuffle : present tense I/you/we/they snuffle he/she/it snuffles present participle snuffling past tense snuffled past participle snuffled to breathe noisily through your nose, for example… …   English dictionary

  • snuffle — I. verb (snuffled; snuffling) Etymology: akin to Dutch snuffelen to snuffle more at snivel Date: circa 1600 intransitive verb 1. to snuff or sniff usually audibly and repeatedly 2. to breathe through an obstructed nose with a sniffing sound 3. to …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • snuffle — snuf|fle1 [ snʌfl ] verb intransitive to breathe noisily through your nose, for example because you are crying or you have a cold snuffle snuf|fle 2 [ snʌfl ] noun count a noisy breath through your nose …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • snuffle — snuffler, n. snufflingly, adv. snuffly, adj. /snuf euhl/, v., snuffled, snuffling, n. v.i. 1. to draw air into the nose for the purpose of smelling something; snuff. 2. to draw the breath or mucus through the nostrils in an audible or noisy… …   Universalium

  • snuffle — 1. verb a) to sniff with the nose loudly and audibly b) to make something or someone quiet. 2. noun An act of snuffling; sniffing loudly …   Wiktionary

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