Panclastite

Panclastite

Panclastites are a class of Sprengel explosives similar to oxyliquits. They were first suggested in 1881 by Eugene Turpin, a French chemist. They are a mixture of liquid dinitrogen tetroxide serving as oxidizer with a suitable fuel, eg. carbon disulfide, in the 3:2 volume ratio. [http://www.webref.org/geology/p/panclastite.htm] Other fuel being used is nitrobenzene. [http://groups.google.com/group/alt.engr.explosives/browse_thread/thread/8c8f3e5a17318302/448ca5bb38d95033?lnk=st&q=panclastite&rnum=1&hl=en#448ca5bb38d95033] Possible alternative fuels are eg. nitrotoluene, gasoline, nitromethane, or halocarbons.

Panclastites are shock-sensitive and difficult to handle, requiring their mixing immediately before use; also the dinitrogen tetroxide is highly corrosive and explodes in contact with some chemicals. Despite their brisance and detonation velocity being comparable with TNT, panclastites have virtually no use today.

During World War I, due to shortages of other explosives, French used some panclastite-class mixtures, which they called anilites, in small aircraft bombs. The mixing of the chemicals was triggered by airflow spinning a propeller on the nose of the bomb after it was dropped, mixing the previously separated chemicals inside. The resulting mixture was so sensitive the bombs did not need a fuze to explode on impact.

In the 1880s, Germans were testing torpedoes with panclastite warhead. Carbon disulfide and nitrogen tetroxide were stored in separate glass compartments, which were broken when the torpedo was launched and the chemicals mixed, and later were detonated by a contact fuze.

External links

* [http://groups.google.com/group/alt.engr.explosives/browse_thread/thread/25858dfe027ec85c/ee9290d4d7f92421?lnk=st&q=panclastite&rnum=2&hl=en#ee9290d4d7f92421 The Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry. April 29, 1886: NOTE ON SO-CALLED "PANCLASTITE." BY H. SPRENGEL, PH.D., F.R.S.]


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  • panclastite — [ pɑ̃klastit ] n. f. • av. 1864; de pan et du gr. klastos « brisé » ♦ Techn. Explosif liquide constitué de peroxyde d azote et d une substance combustible. ● panclastite nom féminin Explosif liquide constitué par un mélange de dioxyde d azote et… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • panclastite — s. f. Explosivo líquido formado de peróxido de azoto e de um líquido combustível. (Foi descoberto pelo químico francês Turpin.) …   Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa

  • PANCLASTITE — n. f. Explosif d’une grande puissance, à base d’acide picrique …   Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 8eme edition (1935)

  • panclastite — pan·cla·stì·te s.f. TS chim. esplosivo, estremamente sensibile agli urti, costituito da una miscela di composti azotati liquidi che viene preparata al momento stesso dell impiego {{line}} {{/line}} DATA: 1884. ETIMO: der. di pan e del gr. klastós …   Dizionario italiano

  • panclastite — …   Useful english dictionary

  • pan- — pant(o) ♦ Éléments, du gr. pan, pantos « tout ». pan , pant(o) élément, du gr. pân, neutre de pas, pantos, tout . ⇒PAN , PANTO , élém. formant Élém. tiré du gr. , neutre de , «tout», e …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • panto- — pan , pant(o) ♦ Éléments, du gr. pan, pantos « tout ». pan , pant(o) élément, du gr. pân, neutre de pas, pantos, tout . panto V. pan . ⇒PAN , PANTO , élém. formant Élém. tiré du gr. , neutre de …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Sprengel explosive — Sprengel explosives are a generic class of explosives invented by Hermann Sprengel in the 1870s. They consist of stoichiometric mixtures of strong oxidisers and reactive fuels, mixed just prior to use in order to enhance safety. Either the… …   Wikipedia

  • Eugène Turpin — François Eugène Turpin (1848 24 January 1927) was a French chemist involved in research of explosive materials. He lived in Colombes,In 1881 Turpin proposed panclastites, a class of Sprengel explosives based on a mixture of a suitable fuel with… …   Wikipedia

  • Панкластит — (фр. Panclastite) жидкая взрывчатая смесь, состоящая из тетраоксида диазота N2O4 в качестве окислителя, и различных горючих веществ. Предложена и запатентована Ф. А. Турпеном во Франции в 1881 году. Относится к более общему классу так… …   Википедия

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