Osborne Fire Finder

An Osborne Fire Finder device used in fire lookout towers.

The Osborne Fire Finder is a type of alidade used by fire lookouts in order to find a directional bearing (azimuth) to smoke in order to alert fire crews to a wildland fire.

History and development

The device was invented by William "W.B." Osborne, a United States Forest Service employee from Portland, Oregon, and has been in service since 1915. Mr. Osborne also designed the photo-recording transit for making panoramic records of forest conditions, as well as a collapsible water-bag knapsack for firefighting (U.S. patented in 1935). Many fire finders were manufactured from 1920 through 1935, but the manufacturer, Leupold & Stevens, Inc., stopped production of replacement parts after 1975.

In recent years, with the resurgence and recovery of fire lookout towers, new Osborne devices were needed. The U.S. Forest Service, San Dimas Technology and Development Center (SDTDC) was contacted regarding the deteriorating condition of the Osborne Fire Finders housed in fire lookouts throughout the United States. A pilot program to create new Osbornes was coordinated with manufacturer, Palmquist Tooling, Inc. and now Osborne Fire Finders are available again.

Use of the Fire Finder

The system is composed of a topographic map of the area oriented and centered on a horizontal table with a circular rim graduated in degrees (and fractions). Two sighting apertures are mounted above the map on opposite sides of the ring and slide around the arc.

A USFS Fire Lookout using an Osborne Fire Finder while on duty at Vetter Mountain, California.

The device is used by moving the sights until the observer can peek through the nearer sighting hole and view the cross hairs in the further sight aligned with the fire. The fire lookout notes the degrees on the graduated ring beneath the sight. The original Fire Finder was capable of a crude estimate of elevation based upon the level and elevation of the table, calculating distance and rough position of the fire by reference to any distinctive terrain features and by use of the scale shown on the map. However, in actual practice, fire distance and location were normally established using two or more Fire Finder-equipped towers, using the intersection method to fix the precise location of the fire.^[1][2] Dispatchers at a central facility used a compass rose to mark lines of position from each reporting tower onto a large map to quickly find where the reported bearings intersect.

Today, a more precise determination of a fire location can be made by the use of a single Fire Finder in conjunction with a digital elevation model (DEM).^[3]

Notes

1. ^ Mooers Jr., Robert L., Finding Your Way In The Outdoors, Outdoor Life Press (1972), ISBN 0943822416, pp. 129-131
2. ^ Guth, Peter, (Prof.), Craven, Tom, Chester, Tom, Shotwell, Jim, and O'Leary, Zeyn, ''Fire Locations From A Single Osborne Fire Finder and a DEM, Report to the ASPRS 2005 Annual Conference “Geospatial Goes Global: From Your Neighborhood to the Whole Planet”, Baltimore, MD (7-11 March, 2005), pp. 1-10
3. ^ Guth, pp. 1-10

References

• William B. Osborne profile, USFS History section, Forest History Society website
• Mooers Jr., Robert L., Finding Your Way In The Outdoors, Outdoor Life Press (1972), ISBN 0943822416
• Fire Management Tech Tips USDA Forest Service, October 2003 Document: 0351 1311=SDTDC

See also

• History of the Osborne Fire Finder by Ray Kresek
• Fire lookout tower
• Fire Lookout
• Alidade

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