Rawadid

Rawadid (also Rawwadid or Ravvadid), (955-1071), was a Kurdish principality ruling Azerbaijan from the 10th to the early 13th centuries, centered around Tabriz and Maragheh(Maragha). It was founded by a Kurdish chief named "Muhammad ibn Husain" in the mid tenth century [ [http://www.geocities.com/kfzhouy/Chron/Chron5e.html A Chronology of World Political History (801 - 1000 C.E.) ] ] . The Rawadids were originally from Arab ancestry (Azd tribe), and arrived in the region in 758 CE, but they had become Kurdicized by the early 10th century and began to use Kurdish forms like "Mamlan" for Muhammad and "Ahmadil" for Ahmad as their names [ [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/S4/SIM-4304.html] Dead link|date=March 2008] . According to Kasravi, Rawwadids conquered the lands of the Musafirid ruler "Ibrahim bin Marzuban", in Azarbaijan in 979.

Wahsudan bin Mamlan is the best known Rawwadid ruler, and he is mentioned by Ibn Athir. The regions of Tabriz, Maragheh and the strongholds of Sahand mountain were in his possession. In 1029, he helped the "Hadhbani" Kurds of Maragheh to defeat the invading Oghuz Turkish tribes [ [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C6/COM-0676.html] Dead link|date=March 2008] .

Wahsudan also sent an expedition to Ardebil under the command of his son Mamlan II. The ruler ("sipahbod") of Moghan had to submit to the conqueror. Mamaln also built a fortress in Ardebil [V. Minorsky, "A Mongol Decree of 720/1320 to the Family of Shaykh Zahid", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1954, p.524] .

Toghrul conquered the principality in 1054 CE, and he defeated the Kurdish prince of Tabriz "Wahsudan ibn Mamlan" [P. Blaum, "Diplomacy gone to seed: a history of Byzantine foreign relations, 1047-57 A.D.", International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Jan. 2005, p.15 [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SBL/is_18/ai_n13826854/pg_15] ] . In 1071, when Alp Arslan returned from his campaign against the Byzantine Empire, he deposed Mamlan. Wahsudan's successor, "Ahmad bin Wahsudan", lord of Maragheh, took part in the Muhammad Malik Shah's campaign against Syria in 1110 CE [ [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C4/COM-0544.html] (see under "Turkish Conquest")] . His full title was "Ahmadil bin Ibrahim bin Wahsudan al-Rawwadi al-Kurdi". Ahmadil took part in the crusades on behalf of muslims. Joscelin made a peace treaty with him during the siege of Tell Bashir (in present-day southern Turkey, south-east of Gaziantep). He was stabbed to death by the Ismailis in 1117 in Baghdad. His descendants continued to rule Maragheh and Tabriz until the Mongol invasion in 1227 [ [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C6/COM-0676.html] Dead link|date=March 2008] [ [http://members.tripod.com/zaza_kirmanc/research/dailamites.htm La Domination des Dailamites ] ] .

Rawadid Rulers

#Muhammad Ibn Husain (? -c. 951 ?)
#Husain I (955-988)
#Mamlan I (988 -1000)
#Husain II (1000-1019)
#Vahsudan (Wahsudan) (1019-1054)
#Mamlan II (1054-1071)

References

External links

#Minorsky, "La Domination des Dailamites", presented in a Conference of the Societé des Etudes Iraniennes, Paris, 28 May, 1931. Also see Minorsky, "Daylam" in the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1962, pp. 189-94 [http://members.tripod.com/zaza_kirmanc/research/dailamites.htm] .
# [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/S2/SIM-6262.html Rawwadids] , Encyclopaedia of Islam.
# [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C6/COM-0676.html Maragha] , Encyclopaedia of Islam.
# [http://www.geocities.com/kfzhouy/Chron/Chron5e.html A Chronology of World Political History(801 - 1000 C.E.)] (see Rawwadid)
# [http://www.hostkingdom.net/iran.html List of Rawadid Rulers]