- Cramér-von-Mises criterion
In
statistics the Cramér-von-Mises criterion is a form ofminimum distance estimation used for judging thegoodness of fit of aprobability distribution compared to a given distribution is given by:
In one-sample applications is the theoretical distribution and is the empirically observed distribution. Alternatively the two distributions can both be empirically estimated ones; this is called the two-sample case.
The criterion is named after
Harald Cramér andRichard Edler von Mises who first proposed it in 1928-1930. The generalization to two samples is due to Anderson (1962).The Cramér-von-Mises test is an alternative to the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test . It is thought that the CvM test is more powerful than the KS test, but this has not been shown theoretically.Cramér-von-Mises test (one sample)
Let be the observed values, in increasing order. Then it is possible to show that
:
If this value is larger than the tabulated value we can reject the hypothesis that the data come from the distribution .
Cramér-von-Mises test (two samples)
Let and be the observed values in the first and second sample respectively, in increasing order. Let be the ranks of the x's in the combined sample, and let be the ranks of the y's in the combined sample. It can be shown that
:
where U is defined as
:
If the value of T is larger than the tabulated value we can reject the hypothesis that the two samples come from the same distribution. (Some books give critical values for U, which is more convenient, as it avoids the need to compute T via the expression above. The conclusion will be the same).
References
*cite journal
last= Anderson
first= TW
year= 1962
title= On the Distribution of the Two-Sample Cramer-von Mises Criterion
journal= The Annals of Mathematical Statistics
volume= 33
issue= 3
pages= 1148–1159
publisher=Institute of Mathematical Statistics
issn= 0003-4851
doi= 10.1214/aoms/1177704477
url= http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS/Repository/1.0/Disseminate?view=body&id=pdf_1&handle=euclid.aoms/1177704477
format= PDF
accessdate= 2008-09-23Xiao, Gordon, Yakovlev: 'A C++ program for the Cramér-von-Mises two sample test', Journal of Statistical Software, 17 #8, January 2007 [http://www.jstatsoft.org/v17/i08/paper]
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.