- Carl von Donop
Count Carl Emilius von Donop (died
October 25 ,1777 ) was a Hessian Colonel who fought in theAmerican Revolutionary War . The son of a noble family ofHesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), Donop was well connected in the European courts and served as personal adjutant to the Landgraf of Hesse-Kassel. When the American Revolution began, Donop asked for leave to serve in America, and the Landgraf appointed him as the commander of the prestigious Jäger Corps. A highly ambitious officer, Donop hoped to remain in America after the war to pursue dreams of power and glory.cite book | last = Fischer | first = David Hackett | authorlink = David Hackett Fischer | title = Washington's Crossing | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 2004 | location = New York | pages = 56 | isbn = 0-19-517034-2] Wearing a veneer of civility and deferential to his superiors, Donop was an able officer but was not well-liked by his subordinates. To his inferiors he was short and harsh, and he had a take-no-prisoners policy that was enforced by severe beatings. [cite book | last = Fischer | first = David Hackett | authorlink = David Hackett Fischer | title = Washington's Crossing | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 2004 | location = New York | pages = 57 | isbn = 0-19-517034-2]Donop's troops participated in the initial British landing on Long Island on
August 22 ,1776 , and in the landing at Kip's Bay onManhattan Island on the night ofSeptember 14 . Donop distinguished himself at theBattle of Harlem Heights , going to the aid of the British troops involved.Donop was the senior officer present in southern
New Jersey in late 1776, and commanded the garrisons inTrenton ,Burlington , andBordentown , which consisted of several Hessian battalions, the Forty-second Highland Regiment (commanded by Colonel Stirling), and Jäger detachments. He was encamped at Bordentown at the time of theBattle of Trenton , with one battalion occupying the town and the rest billeted along the country roads. His overall commander was Major GeneralJames Grant . Donop wanted to absorb ColonelJohann Rall 's brigade into his garrison to fortify Trenton, butSir William Howe was persuaded to let Rall hold command on his own in Trenton. [cite book | last = Fischer | first = David Hackett | authorlink = David Hackett Fischer | title = Washington's Crossing | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 2004 | location = New York | pages = 187-190 | isbn = 0-19-517034-2] Warned by locals of impending attack, Donop warned Grant, who dismissed these cautions. When the Continental forces attacked Trenton, von Donop withdrew from Bordentown without attempting to march to Rall's aid.When Howe's forces captured
Philadelphia ,Pennsylvania in 1777, he then acted to open theDelaware River to the navy. The effort was directed at the forts on either side of the river. TheRoyal Navy attackedFort Mifflin inPennsylvania . In an attempt to recoup his tarnished reputation from his defeat at Trenton, Donop volunteered to attempt the capture of Fort Mercer in Red Bank, New Jersey. General Howe agreed, and gave Donop command of 2000 Hessian troops, with which he crossed the Delaware River onOctober 22 . That afternoon, Donop surrounded the fort and demanded surrender from Colonel Christopher Greene with the threat of invasion and no quarter. Greene, in a strong position with four hundred Rhode Islanders and in possession of plentiful cannon, grapeshot, and powder, rejected the demand. Three attacks and four hundred Hessian casualties ensued, including Donop himself. [cite book | last = Griffith II | first = Samuel B. | coauthors = Jane Griffith, Belle Gordon Griffith Heneberger | title = The War for American Independence | publisher = University of Illinois Press | date = 2002 | pages = 448-449 | isbn = 0-252-07060-7] Fatally wounded in what would be known as theBattle of Red Bank , he died two days later onOctober 25 ,1777 .References
ources
* Philip R. N. Katcher, "Encyclopedia of British, Provincial and German Army Units 1775-1783" (Harrisburg, Penna.: Stackpole Books, 1973).
* Rodney Atwood, The Hessians (Cambridge, 1980).
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