Asher ben Meshullam

Asher ben Meshullam

"Rabbeinu" Asher ben Meshullam was a Jewish theologian and Talmudic scholar who lived at Lunel in the second half of the twelfth century CE. A renowned Talmudist, he was a son of the well-known "Rabbeinu" Meshullam ben Jacob "(Rabbeinu Meshullam hagodol)", and a pupil of "Rabbeinu" Joseph ibn Plat and the Ravad ("Rabbeinu" Avrohom ben Dovid) of Posquières, whose ascctic tendencies he shared. Benjamin of Tudela, in the first part of his "Travels," says that "Rabbeinu" Asher lived in complete seclusion, wholly devoted to the study of the Torah, and that he never tasted meat. At the same time "Rabbeinu" Asher was not hostile to philosophy. "Rabbeinu" Yehudah Ibn Tibbon in a letter to "Rabbeinu" Asher, praised his fondness for science, and in his testament exhorted his son to cultivate "Rabbeinu" Asher's friendship. "Rabbeinu" Asher's alleged leaning toward the Kabbalah, mentioned by Heinrich Graetz, is countered; that the fact that he was responsible for the translation of Solomon ibn Gabirol's "Tikkun Midoth ha-Nefesh" is no proof for or against his kabbalistic leanings; the kabbalists had a strong leaning toward ibn Gabirol's mysticism; and, after all, the above-mentioned work of Gabirol is moral, rather than strictly philosophical, in its tendencies.

"Rabbeinu" Asher was the author of several Talmudic works, of which the following are cited by title: "Hilchoth Yom-Tov", ("Rules for the Holidays"); "Sefer ha-Matanoth," ("The Book of Gifts") a work referring perhaps to the tithes payable to the kohanim. Neither of these writings seems to have been preserved. According to an entry in the manuscript of the small "Midrash Aseret ha-Dibberot," "Rabbeinu" Asher was its author, but the statement is not verifiable.

Resources

[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1937&letter=A Kohler, Kaufmann and Louis Ginzberg. "Asher b. Meshullam."] "Jewish Encyclopedia." Funk and Wagnalls, 1901-1906; which contains the following bibliography::*Chaim Joseph David Azulai, "Shem ha-Gedolim", ed. Wilna, p. 34;:*Heinrich Graetz, "Geschichte der Juden", 3d ed., vi. 203;:*Henri Gross, "Gallia Judaica", pp. 280-281;:*Ernest Renan and Adolphe Neubauer, "Les Ecrivains Juifs Français", pp. 468-469;:*Yakov Reifmann, "Toledot Rabbenu Zerahaya", p. 48;:*"Literaturblatt des Orients", 1849, p. 481;:*Michael, "Or ha-Ḥayyim", No. 552.K. L. G.


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