Robert Adrain

Infobox Scientist
name =Robert Adrain
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caption =Robert Adrain
birth_date =September 30, 1775
birth_place =Carrickfergus, Ireland
death_date =death date and age|1843|8|10|1775|9|30
death_place =New Brunswick, New Jersey
residence =Ireland (1775-1798)
U.S. (1798-1843)
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field =Diophantine algebra
Statistics
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known_for =Least squares method
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Robert Adrain (September 30, 1775 - August 10, 1843) was a scientist and mathematician, considered one of the most brilliant mathematical minds of the time in America.cite book | title = Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896 | publisher = Marquis Who's Who | date = 1967]

He was born in Carrickfergus, Ireland, but left Ireland after the failure of the uprising of the United Irishmen in 1798 and moved to Princeton, New Jersey. He taught mathematics at various schools in the United States.

He is chiefly remembered for his formulation of the method of least squares, published in 1808. Adrain certainly did not know of the work of C.F. Gauss on least squares (published 1809), although it is possible that he had read A.M. Legendre's article on the topic (published 1804).

Adrain was an editor of and contributor to the "Mathematical Correspondent", the first mathematical journal in the United States. Later he twice attempted to found his own journal, "The Analyst, or, Mathematical Museum", but in both the 1808 and 1814 attempts it did not attract sufficient subscribers and quickly ceased publication. In 1825 he founded a somewhat more successful publication targeting a wider readership, "The Mathematical Diary", which was published through 1832. [cite book | first=Karen Hunger | last=Parshall | coauthors=David E. Rowe | title=The Emergence of the American Mathematical Research Community, 1876-1900 | publisher=American Mathematical Society | year=1994 | id=ISBN 0-8218-9004-2 | pages=pp. 43–44]

Adrain, Gauss, and Legendre all motivated the method of least squares by the problem of reconciling disparate physical measurements; in the case of Gauss and Legendre, the measurements in question were astronomical, and in Adrain's case they were survey measurements.

Adrain died in New Brunswick, New Jersey.

References

*reflist

Further reading

* Robert Adrain. "Research concerning the probabilities of the errors which happen in making observations, &c". "The Analyst, or Mathematical Museum". Vol. I, Article XIV, pp 93-109. Philadelphia: William P. Farrand and Co., 1808.
* Brian Hayes. "Science on the Farther Shore". "American Scientist", 90(6):499, 2002. "(Article may be viewed at: http://www.americanscientist.org/.)"
* Stephen M. Stigler. "Mathematical statistics in the early States". "Annals of Statistics", 6:239–265, 1978.
* cite encyclopedia
last = Struik
first = D.J
title = Robert Adrain
encyclopedia = Dictionary of Scientific Biography
volume = 1
pages = 65-66
publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons
location = New York
date = 1970
isbn = 0684101149

External links

* [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Adrain.html MacTutor biography]