- Peng Ming-min
-
Peng Ming-min , LL.D. 
Peng in 1956 Senior Advisor to the Taiwanese president Incumbent Assumed office
May 20, 2000Personal details Born August 15, 1923
Kaohsiung County (now part of Kaohsiung City), TaiwanNationality 
Republic of China (Taiwan)Political party Democratic Progressive Party Alma mater Tokyo Imperial University
National Taiwan University
McGill University
University of ParisOccupation Politician Profession Lawyer Peng Ming-min (Chinese: 彭明敏; pinyin: Péng Míngmǐn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phêⁿ Bêng-bín) (born August 15, 1923) is a noted Taiwan independence activist and politician. Arrested for sedition in 1964 for printing a manifesto advocating Taiwanese independence, he dramatically escaped from Taiwan to the United States and after 22 years in exile, returned to became the Democratic Progressive Party's first presidential candidate in Republic of China ("Taiwan")'s first direct presidential election in 1996.
Contents
Early life
Born in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period to a prominent doctor's family in rural Taiwan, Peng received his primary education in Taiwan before going to Tokyo for secondary education, graduating from Kwansei Gakuin Middle School in 1939 and the Third Higher School in 1942. During World War II, he studied law and political science at the Tokyo Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo). At the end of the war, in order to avoid the American bombing of Japan’s capital, he decided to go to his brother near Nagasaki. En route to his brother, he lost his left arm in a bombing raid. While recuperating at his brother's house, he witnessed the second atomic blast that destroyed the city of Nagasaki.
After the Japanese surrender, Peng returned to Taiwan and enrolled in the National Taiwan University. He was studying for his bachelor's degree at the Law School when the 228 Incident occurred.
During these terrifying weeks I remained quietly within my grandmother's house, frightened and worried. I had not been a member of any politically active group on the campus, and my name was on no petition or manifesto. No soldiers came to search our house, and I was not called out in the middle of the night as were some friends who disappeared. For all my hard work toward a degree in political science at the university, I was still far removed from practical politics and very naive. I had not yet fully realized how much more threatened our personal freedom was now than it had been under the Japanese. In several letters to my father at this time I expressed an angry reaction to the terrible things taking place at Taipei. I did not then know that my father's mail was being censored until one day the chief of police at Kaohsiung quietly warned my father to tell his son not to write such letters, and that my name too was now on a blacklist.[1]
After receiving his bachelor’s degree, Peng went on to pursue a Master’s degree at the Institute of International Air Law at the McGill University in Montreal, later a doctoral degree in law at the University of Paris in 1954. During his studies, Peng wrote some of the first essays on international air law published in France, Canada and Japan. His publications attracted considerable international attention and distinguished Peng as a pioneer in the new field of international air law.
Political life
Peng returned to Taiwan and in 1957, at age 34, he became the youngest full professor at the National Taiwan University. While Peng was a professor and chairman of the Department of Political Science from 1961 to 1962, he attracted the attention of Chiang Kai-shek and other KMT leaders. Chiang appointed Peng as the advisor to Taiwan’s delegation to the United Nations, then the highest political position held by any Taiwanese, and hinted of future high-level governmental appointments.
My inner thoughts were in turmoil. The government and party bosses had made a great mistake in sending me to New York. This experience finally politicized me, and I was to lead a dual life thereafter, for many months, until I made a final commitment to challenge the dictatorship with a public demand for reform.[1]
In 1964, Peng and two of his students, Hsieh Tsong-min (謝聰敏) and Wei Ting-chao (魏廷朝), created a manifesto advocating the overthrow of the Chiang regime and the establishment of a democratic government.[1] The three painstakingly printed 10,000 copies in secret, but before the manifesto could be distributed, Peng and his students were arrested. They languished in jail for several months before being tried for sedition by a military court.[1] Peng was sentenced to eight years of imprisonment but his case attracted worldwide attention. Bowing to the increasing international pressure, Chiang Kai-shek released Dr. Peng from military prison 14 months later, but placed him under house arrest for life with strict surveillance.[2]
By 1968, his house arrest had become so suffocating that friends and the Swedish chapter of Amnesty International helped plan for Peng's escape from Taiwan.[3] In 1970, Peng managed to travel by plane to Hong Kong and from there to Sweden with a forged passport.[4] He was granted political asylum in Sweden, but despite the freedom he enjoyed in Europe, he decided to pursue an appointment at the University of Michigan. Both the KMT and the Communist Party in China strenuously objected, but the United States found it difficult to refuse his request for a visa and he arrived in Michigan in August 1970.[5] During his time at Michigan, he wrote his autobiography A Taste of Freedom.
While in exile, Peng continued to be a leading figure in Taiwan politics and American foreign policy issues. In 1981, he co-founded the Formosan Association for Public Affairs (FAPA), a Taiwanese lobbying organization based in Washington D.C. Peng served as FAPA’s president from 1986 to 1988 and chaired the Asia-Pacific Democracy Association in 1989. He also testified on Taiwan issues before the United States Congress on several occasions.
Return to Taiwan
With the death of Chiang Ching-kuo in 1988, Lee Teng-hui assumed the presidency and began to reform Taiwanese government. In 1992, he promulgated a revision of Article 100 of the Criminal Code, which not only allowed Taiwanese to advocate independence without being charged with sedition, but also granted amnesty to political prisoners and ended the overseas blacklist.[6] No longer threatened with arrest, Peng returned to Taiwan on November 2, 1992 to a crowd of 1,000 people at Taoyuan International Airport.[7] He had been in exile for 22 years.
On September 28, 1995, after an arduous two-tiered nomination process involving 49 public debates around Taiwan,[8] the Democratic Progressive Party nominated Peng as their candidate for Taiwan’s first presidential elections.[9] Outspokenly running on a platform of Taiwanese independence,[10] Peng garnered 21% of the votes, second only to incumbent Lee Teng-hui, who won the election.[11]
In 2001, after the DPP presidential candidate Chen Shui-bian was elected, Peng was appointed a Senior Advisor to the Office of the President.[12] In 2009, Peng's A Perfect Escape (逃亡), was published in Chinese, revealing the details of his dramatic escape in 1970.[13] He continues to contribute to political discourse on Taiwan.
References
- ^ a b c d A Taste of Freedom, full text.
- ^ Kerr, George (1965). Formosa Betrayed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
- ^ Griffin, Jerry, "Real Life Real History", May 11, 2004.
- ^ Loa, Lok-Sin, "Peng Tells Details of Escape From KMT", Taipei Times, September 21, 2008.
- ^ Link text, 1970 Memorandum from the Department of State.
- ^ Taiwan Communique no. 55, "Article 100 Revised" June, 1992.
- ^ Taiwan Communique no. 57, "Professor Peng Ming Min Returns" December, 1992.
- ^ Taiwan Communique no. 68, "Professor Peng is DPP's Candidate for Presidency", October, 1995.
- ^ Tyler, Patrick, "Taiwan Votes for President and Celebrates Democracy", New York Times, March 23, 1996.
- ^ Peng, Ming-Min, "Taiwan Belongs to No One", New York Times, March 4, 1996.
- ^ Times News Services,"Taiwan Picks Incumbent, Democracy" Seattle Times, March 24, 1996.
- ^ Press Release, "President Chen Appoints Advisors", Office of the President, ROC, May 20, 2001.
- ^ Ko, Shu-ling, "Pang Ming-min Launches New Book, Castigates Ma", Taipei Times, June 15, 2009.
External links
- A Taste of Freedom, full text
- Video of Peng Ming Min speaking in Strasbourg, 2007
- Interview with Peng Ming-Min, 2006
- 鯨魚網站
- Interview with Milo Thornberry, author of Fireproof Moth, 2011
Political offices Preceded by
Tsai Tung-rongPresident of the WUFI
1972Succeeded by
George ChangCategories:- 1923 births
- Living people
- Politicians of the Republic of China on Taiwan from Kaohsiung
- Wright State University faculty
- Politicians with physical disabilities
- Senior Advisors to President Chen Shui-bian
- National Taiwan University alumni
- Democratic Progressive Party presidential nominees
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