Beaconsfield Mine collapse

The Beaconsfield Mine collapse occurred on 25 April 2006 in Beaconsfield, Tasmania, Australia. Of the 17 people who were in the mine at the time, 14 escaped immediately following the collapse, one was killed, and the remaining two were found alive after five days, using a remote controlled device. These two miners were rescued on Tuesday 9 May, a full two weeks after being trapped nearly a kilometre below the surface.

Mine collapse

At 9:26 pm (Australian Eastern Standard Time) on 25 April 2006 a seismic event triggered an underground rock fall at the Beaconsfield gold mine in northern Tasmania. Geoscience Australia said that the earthquake had a magnitude of 2.2, at a shallow depth at coordinates coord|41.190|S|146.840|E|region:AU-TAS_type:earthquake. [cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/bin/earthquake.pl?title=Georgetown+Tasmania.+Revised+solution+taken+from+Environmental+Systems+and+Services%2C+depth+equals+%22shallow%22&magnitude=2.2&depth=&xy=146.840,-41.190&date=25,04,2006&time=11,26,00&bg1=eqrisk_lm&zoom=100&station=MOO
publisher=Geoscience Australia
title=Recent Earthquake : Georgetown Tasmania. Revised solution taken from Environmental Systems and Services, depth equals "shallow"
accessdate=2006-05-09 ] Earlier speculation had suggested that mine blasting had caused the collapse. [cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/01/AR2006050100271.html
title=Trapped Australian miners receive food, water |work=Reuters |publisher=Washington Post |accessdate=2006-05-16 |date=2006-05-01] Three of the miners working underground at the time were trapped, [cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200604/s1623633.htm |title=Grave concerns held for trapped miners |work=ABC News Online
date=2006-05-26 |accessdate=2006-05-16] and early reports suggested that 14 miners who were underground at the time had managed to scramble to safety. The mining company, Beaconsfield Gold Mine Joint Venture, released a press statement saying they held "grave concerns for [the three miners'] wellbeing". [cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,18932778-1702,00.html
title=Fears for miners caught in rockfall |publisher=NEWS.com.au |date=2006-04-26 |accessdate=2006-05-16]

Larry Knight (44), Brant Webb (37) and Todd Russell (34), were the three miners who remained unaccounted for. Knight had been killed in the initial rockfall, but Webb and Russell were still alive, trapped in part of the vehicle in which they had been working at the time of the collapse, known as a teleloader or telehandler. They were in a basket at the end of the telehandler's arm, where they had been applying steel mesh to the walls of the tunnel, in order to prevent rockfalls.cite news | title=The Great Escape (television program) | date=2006-05-21 | publisher=Nine Network ] It was initially misreported that the two miners were saved by a slab of rock that fell on top of the basket, however in a Channel 9 exclusive interview broadcast on 21 May Webb and Russell stated that this was incorrect and that the "ceiling" above them was merely thousands of individual unstable rocks precariously packed together.

The cage was partially filled with rock, and the men were partially buried under some rubble. Webb seemed to have been knocked unconscious for a short time, and Russell's lower body was completely buried. When Webb awoke, the two were able to free themselves and each other from the fallen rock by cutting through their clothes and boots, which were stuck in the rock, using stanley knives.

The miners were able to survive by drinking groundwater, seeping through the rock overhead, which they had collected in their helmets. Webb also had a muesli bar with him, which he offered to cut in half and share with Russell. The men initially agreed to wait 24 hours to eat it, but they continually extended the time, until they decided to eat it on 29 April. They then ate small pieces of the bar at a time, to make it last as long as possible. However, Russell later lost a large portion of his half of the bar when it fell out of his pocket.

Rescue effort

On 26 April a remote-controlled earth mover began clearing the rock underground. On the morning of 27 April at 7:22am, the body of one of the miners was found in the shaft. [cite news
url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2006/04/27/1145861446863.html |publisher=Sydney Morning Herald
title=New bid to reach missing miners |date=2006-04-27 |accessdate=2006-05-18] At around 8pm, the body was retrieved and was identified as the body of Larry Paul Knight, 44, of Launceston. [cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,18951730-29277,00.html |title=Police name dead miner |publisher=NEWS.com.au |date=2006-04-27 |accessdate=2006-05-18] He was the driver of the telehandler.Fact|date=February 2007

Rescue workers did not proceed further through the rubble past the back end of the telehandler because it was unsafe,cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,19063946-1702,00.html|title=Miners face more delays|work=The Australian] instead choosing to blast a new tunnel across from the main shaft to the side shaft, aiming to come out in front of the telehandler. On 29 April they began blasting a new tunnel, detonating at least six large explosive charges to form the tunnel. The blasts dislodged rock inside the cage of the telehandler, which Webb and Russell attempted to clear, although as the blasts came closer, rock was dislodged faster than they could clear it. Russell recorded the date and time of each blast on his clothing, so that if they died as a result of the blasting, the rescuers would know that they had been alive prior to a particular blast. Both Webb and Russell also wrote letters to their families on their clothing. The two men sang "The Gambler" by Kenny Rogers (the only song they both knew) in order to keep up their spirits, as they waited for successive blasts to occur in the tunnel. According to the book "Bad Ground: Inside the Beaconsfield Mine Rescue," written by Tony Wright, the men heard a voice telling them to "shut up in there" during one of their singing outbursts. They began yelling "We're in here!" and this was how the rescuers found out they were alive.

At 5:45 pm on 30 April 2006, Webb and Russell were found alive after being trapped underground for five days. They were detected by thermal imaging cameras and a microphone. [cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200604/s1627094.htm|title=Beaconsfield miners found alive|work=ABC News Online] [cite news|url=http://dailytelegraph.news.com.au/story/0,20281,18984517-5001028,00.html|title=Miners found alive and well|work=Daily Telegraph] One rescuer found a direct route to the trapped miners, across the rubble in the side shaft, and was able to get close enough to the basket of the telehandler to shake Russell's hand. This was where a remote-controlled loader had got to the back of the teleloader, but this route was deemed unsafe for rescuing them. [cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/renegade-rescue-route-unsafe/2006/05/08/1146940438524.html|title=Exit strategy down to probes|work=Sydney Morning Herald] Webb and Russell themselves did not want the rescuers to attempt to reach them through the rubble, because to do so would require them to cut through the wire on the side of the cage, which was under considerable pressure from the rock above. The two men were afraid that cutting the cage would cause it to collapse.

Rescuers immediately halted blasting in the access tunnel, and instead drilled a smaller hole through the approximately 14.5 metres of rock between the head of the access tunnel and the part of the side shaft where the miners were trapped. Webb and Russell directed the work by listening to the sound of the drilling and judging the direction. The hole was about 90 millimetres in diameter. A PVC pipe was used to line the hole, which was used to deliver fresh water, food and communications equipment to the men. [cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,18983465-2702,00.html|work=The Australian|title=Trapped Tasmanian miners found alive] [cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1627465.htm|title=Food, fresh water on way to trapped miners]

On 1 May 2006 rescuers were still 12 metres from the miners. They were also later sent a digital camera, a torch, dry clothes, magazines, iPods including music from the Foo Fighters (upon request), deodorant and toothpaste. [cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/05/03/1146335764150.html|title=iPod relief for trapped miners|publisher=The Age] They also received letters from their families, and were able to write letters in return. In one letter to his wife, Russell wrote "It's not much of a room we have up here." Russell asked for the previous Saturday's newspaper because he said he would be looking for a new job, after joking about losing his current one for lazing about. [cite news|url=http://news.monstersandcritics.com/asiapacific/article_1160369.php/Trapped_Australian_miners_aid_their_escape|title=Trapped Australian miners aid their escape|publisher=Asia-Pacific News] One mine official questioned why Russell would want to look for a job, since he already had one. Russell, in a later interview, said that he had replied, "I told him to stick it up his..." They were also sent medical supplies, with which Webb was able to treat the injuries to Russell's leg, with advice from paramedics. It was also on 1 May that the two men also asked about Larry Knight, and rescuers told them that he had been found dead.

The rescue effort by drilling was put off on Monday 1 May because of the danger of another collapse. It was decided to use a raise borer anchored in concrete, with the last load of the concrete being delivered before dawn on Wednesday, 3 May 2006. The machine cut a horizontal tunnel one metre wide. [cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/05/02/australia.miners.ap/|title= Drill readied for trapped miners|publisher=CNN] Later that day it was announced that the drilling to go the final 12 metres would commence within hours. [cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/items/200605/1629140.htm?tasmania|title=Mine rescue mission 'difficult, dangerous'|work=ABC News Online] . At about 6:45pm, drilling of a 20cm pilot hole for the raise borer commenced. [cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/miners-count-down-hours-as-drill-bores-into-rock-prison/2006/05/03/1146335804736.html|title=Miners count down hours as drill bores into rock prison|work=The Age] Using the normal procedure for this machinery, a pilot hole was drilled, for the larger diameter borer to follow. This took more than three days to complete. According to Beaconsfield mine manager Matthew Gill, the quartz rock which was drilled through was 5 times harder than concrete. The drill was capable of drilling through it at 1 metre per hour, but it was going much more slowly because of the danger of further rock falls, at a rate of around 460 millimetres per hour. [cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,194719,00.html|title=Timeline of the Australian Miner Rescue Effort|work=Fox News]

Low-impact explosives were inserted into approximately 50 small holes that were drilled into the last section of rock. [cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,19054570-2,00.html|title=Rescue 'harder than expected'|work=news.com.au] Drilling of the rescue tunnel commenced on Thursday 4 May at about 8:00pm guided by the completed pilot hole. It was gouged out to one metre and was planned to come up underneath the men's cage after passing through 16 metres of rock. [cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1631149.htm|title=Mine rescue operation 'slower than expected'|work=ABC News Online] . The last phase was to involve a miner using hand tools to create an opening whilst lying on his back. [cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1631537.htm|title=Work on rescue tunnel progresses|work=ABC News Online]

As at 7:00 am on Saturday 6 May the raise borer had drilled about 11 metres of the 14.5 metre rescue tunnel. [cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1632144.htm|title=Drill repairs delay rescue tunnel|work=ABC News Online] The mine decided on the shortened route late on Friday night. [cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1632015.htm|title=Rescuers change tunnel route|work=ABC News Online] The major drilling operation was completed by 6:00pm on Saturday, with only a few metres remaining to reach the trapped miners. Several hours work dismantling and removing the boring machine from the escape tunnel were required before the final phase of the rescue commenced. [cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1632287.htm|title=Mine rescuers within metres|work=ABC News Online]

On 7 May the rescuers reached a belt of hard rock that they found hard to penetrate. As the diamond-edged chainsaws they were using had little effect, they reverted to using low-impact charges. On 8 May the horizontal tunnel was completed, with rescuers beginning tunnelling upwards in the short vertical tunnel, since the horizontal tunnel had been dug lower than the level of the miners. [cite web|url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/SYD161916.htm|title=CHRONOLOGY-Rescue of trapped Australian miners|work=Reuters AlertNet] At about 9:30pm a probe passed through the rock below where the miners were located, which indicated there was only a metre between them, including 400 millimetres of hard rock. [cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,19076765-1702,00.html|title=Chisels made the breakthrough|work=The Australian]

After 14 nights, at 4:27 am, rescuers Glenn Burns, Donovan Lightfoot and Royce Gill finally reached the men, one of them yelling "I can see your light" when he broke through the ground which was separating him from the miners, to which the miners replied "I can see your light too". [cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/miners-in-excellent-shape/2006/05/09/1146940493940.html?page=2|title=Miners will honour fallen mate|work=The Age] cite news|title=Striking Gold|author=Tony Knight|work=The Bulletin|] Brant Webb was freed at 4:47am on 9 May, followed by Todd Russell at 4:54 am. They were driven up the spiral shaft of the mine, arriving at a medical station at the base of the vertical shaft from the surface at about 5:30 am. They were checked by a doctor, and then sent up the lift towards the surface. About thirty metres from the surface, they got out of their wheelchairs, which were moved to the rear of the lift so as to be out of sight. At 5:58 am both men walked out of the lift cage unaided "...punching their fists in the air to the cheers of the Beaconsfield crowds who had gathered outside the mine gate. Wearing their fluoro jackets and lit miner's helmets, the men switched their safety tags to 'safe' on the mine out board before embracing family members who rushed to hug them." [cite web|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=99319|title=After 321 hours trapped 925 m underground, two men are free|work=NineMSN] Both were then transported to Launceston General Hospital in nearby Launceston just after 6:00 am local time. Russell had an injured knee, and a damaged vertebra which put pressure on his sciatic nerve, while Webb had injuries to both knees, several vertebra and his neck.

Reaction

Hundreds of journalists arrived in the town to cover the story, transforming Beaconsfield into a busy town. [cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/shove-comes-to-push-with-the-media/2006/05/03/1146335787779.html|title=Shove comes to push with the media|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald]

Australian Opposition Leader Kim Beazley, at a May Day march in Brisbane, associated the mining accident with the government's new industrial relations legislation, after which Kevin Andrews called on him to apologise for politicising the incident. [cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1627907.htm|work=ABC News|title=Andrews calls for Beazley apology over Beaconsfield comments] Then-Australian Prime Minister, John Howard said his message to the miners would be "Everybody is with you, mate". [cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/everybody-is-with-you-mate-pm-to-miners/2006/05/03/1146335761240.html?page=2|title=Tunnel to save miners underway|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald]

On the afternoon of 7 May prominent Australian journalist Richard Carleton suffered a heart attack at a press conference while at the mine. He was transported to hospital, before being pronounced dead by a doctor. [cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1632484.htm|title=Journalist Richard Carleton dies|publisher=ABC]

Less than six hours after they were rescued, Todd Russell joined more than a thousand mourners at Larry Knight's funeral. The funeral had been postponed constantly in the hope that both rescued miners could attend, before finally settling on Tuesday 9 May at 1:00pm. Russell attended after being discharged from Launceston General Hospital in time.

When Dave Grohl of the Foo Fighters heard of the miners' request to have the band's music sent down on MP3 players, he issued a personal message via fax to them indicating he would meet them for a beer. [cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200605/s1633820.htm|title=Beaconsfield timeline|publisher=ABC|date=2006-05-09] Grohl's note read, in part, "Though I'm halfway around the world right now, my heart is with you both, and I want you to know that when you come home, there's two tickets to any Foos show, anywhere, and two cold beers waiting for yous. Deal?" In October 2006, one of the miners took up his offer, joining Grohl for a drink after the Foo Fighters acoustic concert at the Sydney Opera House. Since then, Foo Fighters have written an instrumental tribute song called "Ballad of the Beaconsfield Miners" appearing on the album "Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace". [cite news|url=http://angryape.com/news/2007/07/foo-fighters-reveal-full-details-of-their-new-album|title=Foo Fighters Reveal Full Details Of Their New Album|publisher=AngryApe]

Following a meeting the Australian Workers' Union held with the miners from Beaconsfield on 15 May they reported that no miner could be found who had been given workplace safety training, miners were unhappy with reductions in the amount of cement used to close in exploited parts of the mine, supports had been removed from lower parts of the mine and mesh intended to prevent rock collapse was known to be ineffective. [cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/a-disaster-waiting-to-happen/2006/05/15/1147545265579.html|title=A disaster waiting to happen|publisher=SMH|date=2006-05-16|author=Andrew Darby]

Media interest

Interest in gaining media deals with both survivors culminated with Oprah Winfrey's production company Harpo expressing interest. [cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/tv--radio/oprah-eyes-miners/2006/05/10/1146940588159.html|title=Oprah Eyes Miners|publisher=The Age|date=2006-05-10] Interest from the United States was particularly strong given two January 2006 mining disasters in West Virginia (see: Sago Mine disaster and Aracoma Alma Mine accident) which resulted in the deaths of 15 miners.

"Ten News" reported that the survivors were offered $3 million each, and Channel Nine boss Eddie McGuire attended the pub where the residents of Beaconsfield were celebrating the rescue. During "The Footy Show", they crossed live to a special event held in Beaconsfield where both miners appeared and were questioned by McGuire. The "Daily Telegraph" revealed that the Nine Network secured a deal for $2.6 million, for a 2-hour special on the night of Sunday May 21 entitled "The Great Escape". [cite news|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.news.com.au/story/0,20281,19159981-5001028,00.html|title=Nine secures miners deal|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date=2006-05-16] [cite news|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.news.com.au/story/0,20281,19186757-5001028,00.html|title=Miners paid $2.6m for story|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|date=2006-05-19] News reports said the miners told Kim Beazley (who visited them) some details about their ordeal, but they were kept "private", disguising the real reason behind the secrecy.

The story was extended by the continued stream of media reports detailing the ordeal, such as "Enough Rope with Andrew Denton"'s interview with one of the rescuers Paul Featherstone. [cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s1638565.htm|title=Interview with Paul Featherstone transcript |publisher=ABC |work=Enough Rope |date=2006-05-16] Together with an Adelaide band, Unitopia, they have recorded a single, "321 Hours", with their wives [cite news | title=I still have nightmares: mine accident survivor | date=2007-04-14 | url =http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/i-still-have-nightmares-mine-survivor/2007/04/14/1175971402532.html | publisher =The Sydney Morning Herald | accessdate = 2007-04-14 ] .

Controversial Satirist and comic performer, Dan Ilic, wrote and performed in a musical theatre show based on the disaster and the media's reaction to it. "Beaconsfield: A Musical in A-flat Minor" was seen as a witty yet tasteless parody of the events of the time.

References

Further reading

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* Ludeke, M. (2006) "Ten Events Shaping Tasmania's History." Hobart: Ludeke Publishing.

External links

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