Administrative divisions of Murmansk Oblast

Administrative divisions of Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast, Russia
Administrative center: Murmansk
Flag of Murmansk Oblast
As of 2010:
Districts[1] 5
Cities/towns[1] 16
Urban-type settlements[1] 12
Rural localities[2] 112
Uninhabited rural localities[2] 14

Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia, which is located in the northwestern part of the country, occupying mostly the Kola Peninsula. The oblast itself was established on May 28, 1938, but some kind of administrative organization of the territory existed here since at least the 13th century. As of the 2002 Census, Russians account for the majority of the oblast's population (85.3%, or 760,862 people), with the indigenous Sami constituting only a 0.20% minority (1,769 people).[3]

Since establishing and maintaining the structure of the administrative divisions of the federal subjects is not explicitly specified in the Constitution of Russia as the responsibility of the federal government, this task falls within the scope of the responsibilities of Murmansk Oblast itself.[4] Changes of the administrative-territorial structure of Murmansk Oblast are authorized by the Murmansk Oblast Duma.[5]

The oblast's administrative divisions remained largely unchanged from the structure used during the Soviet era, with the notable exception of selsoviets—a low-level administrative unit type abolished after the new law on the administrative-territorial divisions had been adopted in December 1997.

Contents

Historical background

The territory on which modern Murmansk Oblast is located has been settled by humans since the 3rd millennium B.C.E.,[6] and by the end of the 1st millennium C.E., it was settled only by the Sami people.[7] In the 12th century, Russian Pomors from the shores of Onega Bay and in the lower reaches of the Northern Dvina River started regular hunting and fishing visits to the area and started barter trade with the Sami.[7] They also called the White Sea coast of the peninsula Tersky Coast, or Terskaya Land.[7] Pomors were soon followed by the tribute collectors from the Novgorod Republic, and the Kola Peninsula gradually became a part of the Novgorodian lands.[7] A 1265 treaty of Yaroslav Yaroslavich with Novgorod mentions Tre Volost, which continued to be mentioned in other documents until as late as 1471.[7] Another known administrative divisions in this area was Kolo Volost, which bordered Tre approximately along the line between Kildin Island and Turiy Headland of the Turiy Peninsula.[7] Kolo Volost laid to the west of that line, while Tre was situated to the east of it.[7]

In the 15th century, Novgorodians started to establish permanent settlements on the Kola Peninsula.[8] Administratively, this territory was divided into Varzuzhskaya and Umbskaya Volosts, which were governed by a posadnik from the area of the Northern Dvina.[8] The Novgorod Republic lost control of both of these volosts to the Grand Duchy of Moscow after the Battle of Shelon in 1471,[8] and the republic itself ceased to exist in 1478 when Ivan III took the city of Novgorod. All Novgorod territories, including those on the Kola Peninsula, became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.[8]

In the second half of the 16th century, King Frederick II of Denmark–Norway demanded the Tsardom of Russia to cede the peninsula.[8] Russia declined, and in order to organize adequate defenses established the position of a voyevoda, who sat in Kola, which became an administrative center of the region.[9] Newly established Kolsky Uyezd covered most of the territory of the modern oblast,[9] and continued to exist well into the 19th century.

In 1854, after having been reduced nearly to ashes as a result of a bombardment by a British ship,[10] the town of Kola went into decline. As a result, on December 13 [O.S. December 2], 1858, Tsar Alexander II approved a State Council opinion "On Changing the Governance in the Town of Kola and in Kolsky Uyezd" that Kolsky Uyezd be abolished and its territory merged into Kemsky Uyezd.[10] However, on February 19 [O.S. February 8], 1883 when Tsar Alexander III approved a new opinion of the State Council, the uyezd was restored, although the territory of the restored uyezd was smaller than its pre-1858 territory.[10]

In 1896, Alexandrovsk was founded and grew in size so quickly that it was granted town status in 1899; Kolsky Uyezd was renamed Alexandrovsky on that occasion.[11] In 1916, Romanov-na-Murmane (modern Murmansk) was founded[11] and quickly grew to become the largest city on the peninsula.

When the White movement controlled the northwest of Russia in 1918–1920, Alexandrovsky Uyezd was included into Northern Oblast.[12] On February 2, 1920, Murmansk Governorate was established by the Resolution of the Provisional Government of Northern Oblast; it included the territory of Alexandrovsky Uyezd.[12] The uyezd, however, was restored in its 1917 borders after Murmansk Governorate was abolished effective February 21, 1920 when the Soviet power was restored on the Kola Peninsula.[12]

In June 1921, Alexandrovsky Uyezd was transformed into Murmansk Governorate by the Soviet government.[13] On August 1, 1927, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) issued two Resolutions: "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast", according to which Murmansk Governorate was transformed into Murmansk Okrug (which was divided into six districts) and included into Leningrad Oblast.[14] This arrangement existed until May 28, 1938, when the okrug was separated from Leningrad Oblast, merged with Kandalakshsky District of the Karelian ASSR, and transformed into Murmansk Oblast.[15]

Administrative divisions of
Murmansk Oblast upon its establishment in May 1938[16]
Cities and towns 1. Murmansk (administrative center)
Districts 1. Kandalakshsky
2. Kirovsky
3. Kolsky
4. Lovozersky
5. Polyarny
6. Saamsky
7. Teribersky
8. Tersky

In December 1938, new Monchegorsky District was formed.[16] In September 1939, the rural locality of Polyarnoye was transformed into a town under oblast jurisdiction and renamed Polyarny and the town Kandalaksha was separated from Kandalakshsky District and elevated to the same status in February 1940.[16]

After the Winter War of 1939–1940, the western parts of the Rybachy and Sredny Peninsulas were ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union by the Moscow Peace Treaty.[16] By the July 13, 1940 Decision of the Murmansk Oblast Executive Committee, these territories were appended to Polyarny District of Murmansk Oblast.[16]

On July 21, 1945, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union decreed to establish Pechengsky District with the administrative center in Nikel on the territory of Petsamo ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union as part of the Moscow Armistice signed on September 19, 1944 and to include this district as a part of Murmansk Oblast.[16] In 1947, Finland additionally sold the remaining 169 square kilometers (65 sq mi) Jäniskoski area with its hydroelectric plant, in exchange for Soviet confiscated German investments in Finland. Since then, the external borders of the oblast remained unchanged.

In August 1948, Kandalakshsky District was abolished and its territory administratively subordinated to the town of Kandalaksha.[16] In December 1949, when by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union Monchegorsk was elevated in status to that of a town under oblast jurisdiction, with the former Monchegorsky District's territory passing into its subordination.[16]

List of the administrative divisions

  • Towns under the federal government management:
    • Gadzhiyevo (Гаджиево)
    • Ostrovnoy (Островной)
    • Polyarny (Полярный)
    • Severomorsk (Североморск)
      • Urban-type settlements under the town's jurisdiction and the federal government management:
        • Roslyakovo (Росляково)
        • Safonovo (Сафоново)
    • Snezhnogorsk (Снежногорск)
    • Zaozyorsk (Заозёрск)
  • Cities and towns under the oblast's jurisdiction:
    • Murmansk (Мурманск) (administrative center)
      • City administrative okrugs:[17]
        • Leninsky (Ленинский)
        • Oktyabrsky (Октябрьский)
        • Pervomaysky (Первомайский)
    • Apatity (Апатиты)
    • Kandalaksha (Кандалакша)
      • Urban-type settlements under the town's jurisdiction:
        • Zelenoborsky (Зеленоборский)
    • Kirovsk (Кировск)
    • Monchegorsk (Мончегорск)
    • Olenegorsk (Оленегорск)
    • Polyarnye Zori (Полярные Зори)
  • Districts:
    • Kolsky (Кольский)
      • Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
      • Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
        • Kildinstroy (Кильдинстрой)
        • Molochny (Молочный)
        • Murmashi (Мурмаши)
        • Tumanny (Туманный)
        • Verkhnetulomsky (Верхнетуломский)
    • Kovdorsky (Ковдорский)
      • Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
    • Lovozersky (Ловозерский)
      • Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
    • Pechengsky (Печенгский)
      • Towns under the district's jurisdiction:
      • Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
        • Nikel (Никель)
        • Pechenga (Печенга)
    • Tersky (Терский)
      • Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:

References

  1. ^ a b c Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 47», в ред. изменения №168/2011 от 1 октября 2011 г. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 47, as amended by the Amendment #168/2010 of October 1, 2011. ).
  2. ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2010). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25. 
  3. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Население отдельных национальностей по возрастным группам и полу по субъектам Российской Федерации (Population by nationality, by age group and sex, by the federal subjects of Russia)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (2002 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_04_07_0.htm. Retrieved June 7, 2011. 
  4. ^ The list of the responsibilities of the federal government of the Russian Federation is specified in Article 71 of the Constitution. Article 72 lists the joint responsibilities of the federal government of the Russian Federation and the governments of the federal subjects.
  5. ^ Law No. 96-01-ZMO, Article 4
  6. ^ Atlas of Murmansk Oblast, p. V
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Murmansk Oblast, p. 16
  8. ^ a b c d e Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Murmansk Oblast, p. 18
  9. ^ a b Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 19
  10. ^ a b c Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 22
  11. ^ a b Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Murmansk Oblast, p. 24
  12. ^ a b c Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 26
  13. ^ Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Murmansk Oblast, p. 28
  14. ^ Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Murmansk Oblast, p. 34
  15. ^ Президиум Верховного Совета СССР. Указ от 28 мая 1938 г. «Об образовании Мурманской области». Опубликован: "Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР", №7, 1938. (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Decree of May 28, 1938 On Establishing Murmansk Oblast. ).
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 52–56
  17. ^ Совет депутатов города Мурманска. Решение №20-235 от 10 марта 2006 г. «Устав муниципального образования город Мурманск», в ред. Решения №15-202 от 4 февраля 2010 г «О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования город Мурманск, утверждённый Решением Совета Депутатов города Мурманска от 10.03.2006 (с изменениями и дополнениями от 31.05.2006 №23-263, от 05.10.2006 №24-298), с последующими изменениями, внесёнными Решениями Совета депутатов города Мурманска от 13.11.2007 №43-529, от 03.04.2008 №48-588 и от 03.06.2009 №5-57». Вступил в силу в соответствии со статьёй 81. Опубликован: "Вечерний Мурманск", спецвыпуск, стр. 1–12, 10 ноября 2006 г. (Council of Deputies of the City of Murmansk. Decision #20-235 of March 10, 2006 Charter of the Municipal Formation of the City of Murmansk, as amended by the Decision #15-202 of February 4, 2010 On Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the City of Murmansk, Adopted by the Decision of the Council of Deputies of the City of Murmansk of March 10, 2006 (with the Amendments and Supplements #23-263 of May 31, 2006, #24-298 of October 5, 2006), with Subsequent Amendments, Introduced by the Decisions of the Council of Deputies of the City of Murmansk #43-529 of November 13, 2007, #48-588 of April 3, 2008, and #5-57 of June 3, 2009. Effective as of the day determined by the provisions of Article 81).

Sources

  • Главное управление геодезии и картографии при Совете Министров СССР. Научно-исследовательский географо-экономический институт Ленинградского государственного университета имени А. А. Жданова (1971). Атлас Мурманской области. Москва. 
  • Архивный отдел Администрации Мурманской области. Государственный Архив Мурманской области. (1995). Административно-территориальное деление Мурманской области (1920–1993 гг.). Справочник. Мурманск: Мурманское издательско-полиграфическое предприятие "Север". 
  • Мурманская областная Дума. Закон №96-01-ЗМО от 6 января 1998 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Мурманской области», в ред. Закона №1335-01-ЗМО от 11 апреля 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Мурманской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Мурманской области"». Опубликован: "Мурманский Вестник", №10, стр. 3, 16 января 1998 г. (Murmansk Oblast Duma. Law #96-01-ZMO of January 6, 1998 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Murmansk Oblast, as amended by the Law #1335-01-ZMO of April 11, 2011 On Amending the Law of Murmansk Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Murmansk Oblast". ).

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