- Lubawka
Infobox Settlement
name = Lubawka
image_shield = POL Lubawka COA.svg
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = POL
subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship
subdivision_name1 = Lower Silesian
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Kamienna Góra
subdivision_type3 =Gmina
subdivision_name3 = Lubawka
latd = 50 | latm = 42 | lats = 12 | latNS = N | longd = 16 | longm = 0 | longs = 7 | longEW = E
pushpin_
area_total_km2 = 22.44
population_density_km2 = auto
population_as_of = 2006
population_total = 6529
website = http://www.lubawka.net.plLubawka [IPA-pl|l|u|'|b|a|f|k|a] ( _de. Liebau) is a town in
Poland , inLower Silesia Voivodship , inKamienna Góra County . It is the administrative seat ofGmina Lubawka . It lies in the area of CentralSudetenland near to the border withCzech Republic on the way across theLubawka pass (516m) between theKarkonosze andCrow Mountains _cz. Vranní hory"). Two small rivers, theBóbr andCzarnuszka , run through the town, which has 6,529 inhabitants (2006).History
The first written reference to Lubawka is from 1284. From 1292 to 1810 it belonged to the
Cistercian monastery inKrzeszów (German: "Grussau"). The whole domain devolved to the Czech Kingdom in 1392. The town was destroyed twice during theHussite wars in 1425 and 1431. From 1526 it become part of theHabsburg Empire . Another great war disaster hit Lubawka when the Swedish army during theThirty Years War totally despoiled the city which was abandoned by its inhabitants for more than six months. The city developed rapidly in the 18th century, particularly due to growth in the textile industry there and in surrounding villages. Unfortunately several great fires damaged the city in those times. The largest one in 1734 destroyed the town hall, school, church, vicarage and almost all buildings. In 1810 when the Cistercian monastery in Krzeszów was abolished, Lubawka in conjunction withChełmsko Śląskie began to develop on their own. The railway, a great incentive to faster development, arrived in Lubawka fromSędzisławia in 1867. Several years later it was extended toKrálovec ( _de. Königshof) and connected withŽacléř (" _de. Schatzlar") andTrutnov (" _de. Trautenau") which are now part of the Czech Republic. In those times coal mining reached prosperity. At the end of 19th century Lubawka and the surrounding villages became very well-known as a destination for tourism. The German Olympic team used a facility built near Lubawka to prepare for the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. During the era of theThird Reich the facility was used byHitler-Jugend as a training and recreation centr. During 1944 there was established the branch of KZGross-Rosen in the city for 500 Jewish women delivered fromAuschwitz .The town was occupied by the Soviet army on
7 May 1945 . Approximately 1000 German war refugees resided in LubawkaFact|date=May 2008 together with 6300 resident citizens at that time. Virtually all of them were displaced to Germany between 1945 and 1947Fact|date=May 2008. The whole area including Lubawka was populated by Poles transferred from the eastern parts of Poland occupied by and annexed to theSoviet Union , and from the neighborhood ofNowy Sącz in south-east Poland.Places of interest
*Town hall from 18th century
*Parish church from 17th century
*Raven Rocks ( _pl. Krucze Skały)
*Calvary on the Holy Mountain (" _pl. Kalwaria na Świętej Górze")
*Valley of Mercy (" _pl. Dolina Miłości")Notable Citizens
Otto Mueller (*16 October 1874 in then Liebau; †24 September 1930 inOborniki Śląskie nearWroclaw ) was a German painter and lithographer of expressionism. He is considered one of the most outstanding expressionists of all time.External links
* [http://www.lubawka.net.pl/ Official town website]
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