CoCom

CoCom
COCOM redirects here. For information about the United States Combatant Commands, see Unified Combatant Command.

CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years[1] after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON (Warsaw Pact) countries.

CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the then-current control list of embargoed goods was retained by the member nations until the successor, the Wassenaar Arrangement, was established.

Contents

Membership

CoCom had 17 member states: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.

In addition there were a number of cooperating countries, such as Austria, Finland, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden and Switzerland.

Laws and regulations

In the United States, CoCom compliance was implemented in the 1960s via the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) and the State Department's regulatory supervision on AECA via International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), which are still in effect.

Violations

Toshiba Machine Company of Japan and Kongsberg Group of Norway supplied eight computer-guided propeller milling machines to the Soviet Union between 1982 and 1984, an action that violated the CoCom regulations. The United States's position is that this greatly improved the ability of Soviet submarines to evade detection. Congress moved to sanction Toshiba, and bar imports of its products into the United States.

Legacy

In GPS technology, the phrasing "COCOM Limits" is also used to refer to a limit placed to GPS tracking devices that should disable tracking when the device realizes itself to be moving faster than 1,000 knots (1,900 km/h; 1,200 mph) at an altitude higher than 60,000 feet (18,000 m).[2] This was intended to avoid the use of GPS in intercontinental ballistic missile-like applications.

Some manufacturers apply this limit literally (disable when both limits are reached), other manufacturers disable tracking when a single limit is reached.

This limit is a frequent obstacle encountered, if not discussed, among hobbyists seeking to make high altitude balloons.[3]

See also

Notes

References

  • Mastanduno, M. (1992). Economic containment: CoCom and the politics of East-West trade. Cornell paperbacks. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.
  • Noehrenberg, E. H. (1995). Multilateral export controls and international regime theory: the effectiveness of COCOM. Pro Universitate.
  • Yasuhara, Y. (1991). The myth of free trade: the origins of COCOM 1945-1950. The Japanese Journal of American Studies, 4.

External links



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Look at other dictionaries:

  • COCOM — (Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls; dt.: Koordinationsausschuss für mehrseitige Ausfuhrkontrollen; vorher: Coordinating Committee for East West Trade Policy) wurde am 22. November 1949 gegründet und nahm zum 1. Januar 1950… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • CoCom — (Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls; dt.: Koordinationsausschuss für mehrseitige Ausfuhrkontrollen; vorher: Coordinating Committee for East West Trade Policy) wurde am 22. November 1949 gegründet und nahm zum 1. Januar 1950… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Cocom — (Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls; dt.: Koordinationsausschuss für mehrseitige Ausfuhrkontrollen; vorher: Coordinating Committee for East West Trade Policy) wurde am 22. November 1949 gegründet und nahm zum 1. Januar 1950… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • COCOM — COCOM, Co|com 〈Abk. für engl.〉 Coordinating Committee for East West Trade Policy (Koordinierungskomitee für den Ost West Handel), 1950 gegründetes Komitee der NATO, das die Ausfuhr von militär. u. strategisch nutzbaren Waren u. Technologien in… …   Lexikalische Deutsches Wörterbuch

  • Cocom — COCOM, Co|com 〈Abk. für engl.〉 Coordinating Committee for East West Trade Policy (Koordinierungskomitee für den Ost West Handel), 1950 gegründetes Komitee der NATO, das die Ausfuhr von militär. u. strategisch nutzbaren Waren u. Technologien in… …   Lexikalische Deutsches Wörterbuch

  • Cocom — For other uses of Cocom, see Cocom (disambiguation). The Cocom were a Mayan dynasty based in Mayapan in the Yucatan. It was overthrown in AD 1441 by Ah Xupan of the rival Xiu dynasty. Categories: Maya civilizationMexico stubs …   Wikipedia

  • COCOM — Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Security Export Controls (Anglais. En franc. = Comité de Coordination pour les Contrôles Multilatéraux de la Sécurité des Exportations). Organisme informel, créé en 1949, dans le cadre de la guerre froide.… …   Sigles et Acronymes francais

  • COCOM — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. La Commission communautaire commune (COCOM) règle et gère les matières communautaires communes aux deux communautés de la Région de Bruxelles Capitale. La …   Wikipédia en Français

  • COCOM — COCOMCo|com 〈Abk. für engl.〉 Coordinating Committee for East West Trade Policy (Koordinierungskomitee für den Ost West Handel), 1950 gegründetes Komitee der NATO, das die Ausfuhr von militär. u. strategisch nutzbaren Waren u. Technologien in die… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Cocom — COCOMCo|com 〈Abk. für engl.〉 Coordinating Committee for East West Trade Policy (Koordinierungskomitee für den Ost West Handel), 1950 gegründetes Komitee der NATO, das die Ausfuhr von militär. u. strategisch nutzbaren Waren u. Technologien in die… …   Universal-Lexikon

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