Salvatore Lo Piccolo

Salvatore Lo Piccolo (born in Palermo, July 20, 1942), also known as the Baron ("il Barone"), is a Sicilian mafioso and one of the most powerful bosses of Palermo, Sicily. Lo Piccolo rose through the ranks of the Palermo mafia throughout the 1980s and he became the capo-mandamento of the San Lorenzo district in the early 1990s, replacing Salvatore Biondino who was sent to prison. Lo Piccolo was a fugitive since 1983 and had been running his Mafia affairs in hiding. With the capture of Bernardo Provenzano on April 11, 2006 Lo Piccolo had been cementing his power and rise to the top of the Palermo Mafia until his own arrest on November 5, 2007.

Lo Piccolo is also known as "u vascu," Sicilian dialect for "il vecchio," which translates into English as "the old one" or "elder." In clandestine correspondence with former mafia boss Bernardo Provenzano, Salvatore Lo Piccolo used to identify himself by the number 30. Lo Piccolo's fortune came from the international cocaine trafficking, the extortion of businesses, and the theft of money allocated for public works projects. He invested much of his earnings in real estate. Lo Piccolo long supported Provenzano's policy of not directing violence toward the state and preferred arbitration as means to settle conflict between rival mafia factions. [http://www.fas.org/irp/news/2007/11/osc111907.html Changes in Mafia Leadership Reveal New Links to US-Based La Cosa Nostra] , DNI Open Source Center, November 19, 2007]

Mafia background

Lo Piccolo was born in the neighbourhood Partanna Mondello in Palermo. He was the driver of the local Mafia boss Rosario Riccobono, who was killed in the Second Mafia War. Lo Piccolo changed sides and became an ally of the Corleonesi.it icon [http://www.repubblica.it/2007/11/sezioni/cronaca/arrestati-lo-piccolo/ritratto-lo-piccolo/ritratto-lo-piccolo.html Una "carriera" con Riina e Provenzano] , La Repubblica, November 5, 2007] it icon [http://www.lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/cronache/200711articoli/27328girata.asp L'ascesa di Salvatore Lo Piccolo: da guardiaspalle a boss di Palermo] , La Stampa, November 5, 2007] Bosses like Pippo Calò and Nino Rotolo pleaded to save the life of Lo Piccolo. Nearly 25 years later Rotolo would regret his appeal when a conflict arose between the two. Rotolo was overheard on bugs installed by the police saying: "One who should have died. He was the ‘godson’ of Saro Riccobono and should have gone."it icon [http://www.corriere.it/cronache/07_novembre_06/boss_corleonesi_bianconi.shtml Il boss che sfidò i corleonesi] , Corriere della Sera, November 6, 2007]

Having survived the Second Mafia War, Lo Piccolo gradually extended his influence in the area in and around Palermo in the 1980s and 1990s. His influence in Palermo extended to Capaci, Isola delle Femmine, Carini, Villagrazia di Carini, Sferracavallo and Partanna-Mondello. According to Italian DIA (Direzione Investigativa Antimafia), Salvatore Lo Piccolo and his son, Sandro Lo Piccolo, were in charge of most of the urban territory of Palermo. Their area of influence encompassed the "mandamenti" of San Lorenzo, Passo di Rigano and Gangi, including the coastal area up to Cefalù, and part of the territory of Messina, including the towns of Mistretta and Tortorici. [http://www.interno.it/dip_ps/dia/eng/1sem2000.htm Report concerning the activities conducted and the results obtained] by the Direzione Investigativa Antimafia (DIA), first half of 2000] it [http://www.poliziaedemocrazia.it/live/index.php?domain=archivio&action=articolo&idArticolo=81La Mafia cerca il confronto con lo Stato] , Sebastiano Gulisano, Polizia e democrazia, September 2001] Lo Piccolo allegedly made his fortune with drug trafficking and skimming off public contracts. He forced the residents of the low-income housing projects in the ZEN area of Palermo to pay him to keep the building corridors lit. He allegedly has strong links with the American Cosa Nostra.it [http://www.lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/cronache/200604articoli/4235girata.asp# Cosa Nostra cerca il nuovo padrino] , La Stampa, April 13, 2006]

In March 2005, the Lo Piccolo clan was subject of a police operation known as the "Notte di San Lorenzo". Eighty-four arrest warrants were issued. Nonetheless, Salvatore and his son Sandro Lo Piccolo remained at large. [it icon [http://www.girodivite.it/Mafia-84-arresti-a-Palermo.html Mafia, 84 arresti a Palermo. Sgominato il clan Lo Piccolo] , Girodivite, March 9, 2005]

uccessor of Provenzano?

After the arrest of Bernardo Provenzano on April 11, 2006, Salvatore Lo Piccolo and Matteo Messina Denaro were thought to be the new leaders of Cosa Nostra.it [http://www.poliziaedemocrazia.it/live/index.php?domain=archivio&action=articolo&idArticolo=81La Mafia cerca il confronto con lo Stato] , Sebastiano Gulisano, Polizia e democrazia, September 2001] [ [http://www.guardian.co.uk/italy/story/0,,1752727,00.html Prosecutors fear capture of mafia boss will spark bloody war of succession] , by John Hooper, The Guardian, April 13, 2006] However, the pizzini (small slips of paper used to communicate with other mafiosi to avoid phone conversations) found at Provenzano's hide-out indicated that Provenzano’s joint deputies in Palermo were Salvatore Lo Piccolo and Antonio Rotolo, capo mandamento of Pagliarelli, a Corleonesi loyalist in the days of Totò Riina. In a message referring to an important decision for Cosa Nostra, Provenzano told Rotolo: "It's up to you, me and Lo Piccolo to decide this thing"." [http://www.guardian.co.uk/frontpage/story/0,,1802482,00.html Police strike at heart of mafia averts bloody power struggle] , by John Hooper, The Guardian, June 21, 2006.]

Anti-Mafia prosecutor Antonio Ingroia of the Direzione distrettuale antimafia (DDA) of Palermo said that it was unlikely that there would be an all-out war over who would fill Provenzano's shoes. "Right now I don't think that's probable"," he said. Of the two possible successors, Ingroia thought Lo Piccolo was the more likely heir to the Mafia throne. "He's from Palermo, and that's still the most powerful Mafia stronghold"," Ingroia said. [ [http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/04/12/news/mafia.php In Sicily, the end of 'Pax Mafiosa'?] , International Herald Tribune, April 13, 2006]

A 'pax mafiosa' initially had settled in after Provenzano's arrest because neither Lo Piccolo nor Matteo Messina Denaro appeared to have sufficient forces to seek control of Cosa Nostra, according to the Italian news agency ANSA. Subsequent investigation revealed that Lo Piccolo and Messina Denaro had reached an accommodation and that the real threat to Lo Piccolo came from Rotolo who was arrested in June 2006.

According to ANSA, "police were concerned by a couple of top-level hits they feared might spark a full-blown war of succession. Police said Lo Piccolo had the upper hand because he had been Provenzano's right-hand man in Palermo and his greater experience won him the respect of the older generation of bosses as they pursued Provenzano's policy of keeping as low as possible while strengthening their power network. These bosses had been reined in by Provenzano when he put an end to the Riina-driven war against the state that claimed the lives of Mafia crusaders Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino in 1992."

Clash with other mafiosi

The ensuing power struggle, following Provenzano's arrest, led not only to increased violence in Sicily but also to likely renewed cooperation between the Sicilian mafia and the US-based Gambino crime family. Their growing relationship may open new possibilities for the Sicilian Mafia to launder money through US institutions.

On June 20, 2006, two months after Provenzano's arrest, authorities issued 52 arrest warrants against the top echelon of Cosa Nostra in the city of Palermo (Operation Gotha). Among the arrestees were Antonio Rotolo and his right-hand men Antonino Cinà (who had been the personal physician of Salvatore Riina and Provenzano) and the builder Francesco Bonura, as well as Gerlando Alberti, the ageing pioneer of heroin refineries. The investigations showed that Rotolo had built a kind of federation within the Mafia, comprising 13 families grouped in four clans. The city of Palermo was ruled by this triumvirate replacing the Palermo’s Mafia Commission whose members are all in jail. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/frontpage/story/0,,1802482,00.html Police strike at heart of mafia averts bloody power struggle] , by John Hooper, The Guardian, June 21, 2006.]

The investigation also indicated that the position of Salvatore Lo Piccolo was not undisputed. A clash between Lo Piccolo and Rotolo had been developing over a request from the Inzerillo family to be allowed to return to Palermo. The Inzerillo family had been one of the clans whose leaders – among them Salvatore Inzerillo – were killed by the Corleonesi during the second Mafia War in the 1980s and which had been in exile in the United States. Rotolo had been part of the Mafia clans that had attacked the Inzerillo clan. He was opposed to Lo Piccolo’s permission for the return of the Inzerillo’s, fearing revenge. [http://www.corriere.it/english/articoli/2006/06_Giugno/21/pizzini.shtml "Pizzini" Notes Reveal New Mafia Bosses] , by Felice Cavallaro, Corriere delle Sera, June 21, 2006] it icon [http://www.archivio900.it/it/articoli/art.aspx?id=8194 Lo Piccolo, l'erede di Provenzano. Così sta conquistando Palermo] , Corriere della Sera, June 30, 2007]

With the arrest of Rotolo and others, authorities claim they avoided the outbreak of a genuine war inside Cosa Nostra. Rotolo had passed a death sentence on Lo Piccolo and his son, Sandro, even before Provenzano's arrest – and had procured the barrels of acid that are used to dissolve the bodies of slain rivals. [http://www.corriere.it/english/articoli/2006/06_Giugno/21/pizzini.shtml “Pizzini” Notes Reveal New Mafia Bosses] , by Felice Cavallaro, Corriere delle Sera, June 21, 2006] According to some observers, the arrest of the loyal Corleonesi triumvirate Rotolo, Cinà and Bonura, has given Lo Piccolo a free rein in Palermo.

Rising tensions

In August 2006, two hitmen gunned down 63-year-old Giuseppe D'Angelo in broad daylight in the Palermo district of Tommaso Natale. The crime may have been a provocation by a rival mafia faction against Lo Piccolo and concerns about a renewal of violence between competing mafia groups were mounting. In September 2006, Bartolomeo Spatola, the 72-year-old boss of the Sferracavallo district of Palermo, disappeared. The press suggested Salvatore Lo Piccolo's men kidnapped and killed Spatola because he had allegedly supported Nino Rotolo's plan to murder Lo Piccolo and his son Sandro.

In March 2007, police discovered a large arsenal of weapons in the countryside outside Palermo. The weapons "were ready to be used" and opined that the current absence of violence in Palermo "did not signify that the danger of a new mafia war had been averted."

On June 13, 2007, two hitmen killed 46-year-old mafia boss Nicola Ingarao – an ally of Nino Rotolo.it icon [http://espresso.repubblica.it/dettaglio-local/Torna-la-guerra-tra-cosche-ucciso-il-boss-di-Porta-Nuova/1645634/6Torna la guerra tra cosche ucciso il boss di Porta Nuova] , La Repubblica (Palermo edition), June 14, 2007] Italy's domestic intelligence service SISDE, warned that the murder of Ingarao possibly marked a return to Mafia violence. An Antimafia prosecutor seconded this view stating that the murder "could be a sign of reorganization, stabilization, or potential war among gangs." Lo Piccolo allegedly ordered Ingarao's murder for two reasons: 1) Ingarao opposed the return of the Inzerillo family; and 2) the elimination of Ingarao would enable Lo Piccolo to secure control of the central Palermo district of Porta Nuova for factions not hostile to him. Gaspare Pulizzi, one of Lo Piccolo's right-hand men who later became a pentito, revealed that Lo Piccolo’s son Sandro was behind the murders of Spatola and Ingarao. Both murdered bosses allied with Rotolo.it icon [http://www.repubblica.it/2008/01/sezioni/cronaca/mafia-2/nuovo-pentito/nuovo-pentito.html Mafia, si pente Gaspare Pulizzi colonnello del boss Lo Piccolo] , La Repubblica, January 22, 2008]

In a July 2007 hearing before the Italian Senate, the director of Italian State Police, Antonio Manganelli, warned that the chain of recent murders in Palermo is in part due to the return of the "so-called fugitives (Inzerillo family)... who have now returned... If they are back, it means that someone has authorized their return. This is not appreciated by the other side," he added.

Arrest

On November 5, 2007, Lo Piccolo and his son Sandro, as well as two other top mafiosi, Gaspare Pulizzi and Andrea Adamo, were arrested in a villa in Giardinello, between Cinisi and Terrasini.it icon [http://www.repubblica.it/2007/11/sezioni/cronaca/arrestati-lo-piccolo/arrestati-lo-piccolo/arrestati-lo-piccolo.html Mafia, arrestato Salvatore Lo Piccolo] , La Repubblica, November 5, 2007] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7078647.stm Italy arrests senior mafia boss] , BBC News, November 5, 2007] Police fired several warning shots in the air as they moved in against the mafiosi, who were all armed but apparently did not put up a fight. Sandro Lo Piccolo, in tears, shouted "I love you dad!" several times as he was being handcuffed. The four were put into a police helicopter and flown towards Palermo's main police station. The operation was made possible by information provided by Francesco Franzese, who was arrested on August 2, 2007, who masterminded the Lo Piccolo clan's protection racket. His family has been moved to a secret hideout to prevent reprisals. [http://www.lifeinitaly.com/news/news-detailed.asp?newsid=7210 Mafia head arrested] , Ansa, November 5, 2007] [http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2205740,00.html 'Boss of bosses' successor arrested at mafia summit] , The Guardian, November 6, 2007]

Officers remarked that Lo Piccolo’s face was entirely different from the identikit photo of him (see images on this page). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/11/05/wmafia105.xml Sicilian Mafia's boss of bosses arrested] , Daily Telegraph, November 7, 2007] Lo Piccolo did not say word and just smiled when prosecutors noted that he did not resemble the photofit released earlier this year.it icon [http://www.lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/cronache/200711articoli/27357girata.asp Mafia, trovato il covo di Lo Piccolo] , La Stampa, November 6, 2007] The elder Lo Piccolo was in fact betrayed by his son of whom police did have a recent photograph.it icon [http://www.corriere.it/cronache/07_novembre_06/sandro_papa_amo_mafia_palermo_cavallaro_lopiccolo.shtml «Papà ti amo»] , Corriere della Sera, November 6, 2007]

At the hideout of Lo Piccolo a code of behaviour for Mafia members was found. The so-called "Ten Commandments" include prohibitions such as frequenting bars and looking at friends' wives, while members are urged to treat their own wives with respect. The Mafia Decalogue has been drawn up as a "guide to being a good mafioso". Other activities apparently beyond the pale for Mafiosi are being friends with the police, being late for appointments and "appropriating money if it belongs to other Mafia members or to other families". [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7086716.stm Mafia's 'Ten Commandments' found] , BBC News, November 9, 2007]

When father and son Lo Piccolo – incarcerated under the strict 41-bis prison regime in the Opera prison in Milan – appeared on a videoscreen at the trial in Palermo against some of their henchmen, they rose to their feet as a sign of respect for the arrested bosses.it icon [http://www.cuntrastamu.org/mafia/news/notizia.php?insid=8607 L'omaggio mafioso ai boss: rito in aula] , La Sicilia, November 16, 2007]

Lo Piccolo’s other son Calogero Lo Piccolo succeeded his father and his brother, according to several pentiti. However, he was arrested on January 16, 2008, during Operation Addio Pizzo against Lo Piccolo’s operators who were in charge of collecting the pizzo – protection money from local businesses – in Palermo. [http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-01-16-italy-mafia-arrests_N.htm Latest Mafia raid in Sicily nabs dozens] , USA Today, January 16, 2008] it icon [http://www.lasicilia.it/index.php?id=630 Si sgretola Clan Lo Piccolo] , La Sicilia, January 16, 2008]

References

External links

*it icon [http://www.antimafiaduemila.com/content/view/5290/ Ecco la nuova mappa di Cosa Nostra] , by Anna Petrozzi, Antimafia Duemila, January 2003
*it icon [http://www.antimafiaduemila.com/content/view/3620/ Salvatore Lo Piccolo 'u Vascu, padrone di Palermo] , Maria Loi, Antimafia Duemila, Anno VI Numero 3 - 2006 N°49
*it icon [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Up8WO6eL3Rs Arrestato Lo Piccolo, "ti amo papà"] , Teleacras, November 5, 2007 on YouTube
* [http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/sezioni/sala_stampa/notizie/polizia/app_notizia_17187.html "Direzione Centrale della Polizia Criminale - "Programma Speciale di Ricerca" - LO PICCOLO SALVATORE"]
* [http://www.corriere.it/cronache/07_novembre_05/lo_piccolo_arrestati.shtml "Palermo, catturati i boss Lo Piccolo" (05 novembre 2007)]