- Aluminium phosphide
Chembox new
Name = Aluminium phosphide
ImageFile = Sphalerite-unit-cell-depth-fade-3D-balls.png
ImageSize = 200px
ImageName = Aluminium phosphide
OtherNames = Aluminium(III) phosphide
Aluminium monophosphide
Phostoxin
Fumitoxin
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
CASNo = 20859-73-8
Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = AlP
MolarMass = 58.0 g/mol
Appearance = yellow or gray crystals
Density = 2.42 g/cm³, solid
Solubility = soluble
MeltingPt = >1000 °C
BoilingPt =
Section7 = Chembox Hazards
ExternalMSDS = [http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AL/aluminium_phosphide.html External MSDS]
FlashPt = >800 °C
EUClass = Toxic (T); Dangerous for the environment (N)
NFPA-H = 4 | NFPA-F = 4 | NFPA-R = 2 | NFPA-O =WAluminium phosphide is the
chemical compound with the formula AlP. This colourless solid is generally sold as a grey-green-yellow powder due to the presence of impurities arisinghydrolysis andoxidation . This material is a wideband gap semiconductor and is used as afumigant .tructure, synthesis, and properties
AlP crystallizes in the cubic zinc blende motif, wherein all atoms have
tetrahedral coordination. Related materials crystallize similarly, including GaAs.Crude aluminium phosphide can be prepared in the laboratory by igniting a mixture of red phosphorus and powdered aluminium. [cite journal | author = Wayne E. White, A. H. Bushey | title = Aluminum Phosphide | journal =
Inorganic Syntheses | year = 1953 | volume = 4 | pages = 23–25 | doi = 10.1002/9780470132357.ch7]Aluminium phosphide reacts with
water or acids to releasephosphine . [Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.] :AlP + 3 H2O → Al(OH)3 + PH3:AlP + 3 H+ → Al3+ + PH3Pesticide
AlP is used as a
rodenticide ,insecticide andfumigant for stored cereal grains. It is used to kill small verminousmammal s such as moles,rabbit s, androdent s. The tablets or pellets typically also contain other chemicals which evolveammonia which helps to reduce the potential for spontaneousignition orexplosion of the phosphine gas. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade phosphine has a highly unpleasant odor like garlic or rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphine (P2H4).As a
rodenticide , aluminium phosphide pellets are provided as a mixture of food for the consumption by the rodents. The acid in the digestive system of the rodent reacts with the phosphide to generate the toxic phosphine gas. Other pesticides similar to aluminium phosphide arezinc phosphide andcalcium phosphide .As a rodenticide, aluminium phosphide can be encountered under names eg. Celphos, Fumitoxin, Phostoxin, and Quick Phos.
emiconductor applications
Industrially, AlP is a
semiconductor material that is usuallyalloy ed with other binary materials for applications in devices such aslight-emitting diode s (e.g.aluminium gallium indium phosphide ). [D. E. C. Corbridge "Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology" 5th Edition Elsevier: Amsterdam 1995. ISBN 0-444-89307-5.]References
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