1769

Year 1769 (MDCCLXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1769

* April 13 - James Cook arrives in Tahiti on the ship HM Bark "Endeavour", preparing to observe the solar eclipse of the planet Venus, which takes place on June 3. After the voyage, the data is found to be inaccurate in determining the distance between the Sun and Earth.
* May 14 - Charles III of Spain sends Spanish missionaries, who found California missions in San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Francisco and Monterey and begin the settlement of California.
* May 19 - Pope Clement XIV succeeds Pope Clement XIII as the 249th pope.
* June 3 - (O.S.) A transit of Venus is followed 5 hours later by a total solar eclipse, the shortest such interval in the historical past. The predicted transit is viewed by King George III of Great Britain at the Kew Observatory.
* June 7 - Frontiersman Daniel Boone first begins to explore the present-day Bluegrass State, Kentucky.
* July 16: Father Junípero Serra founds Mission San Diego de Alcalá, the first of the 21 California missions.
* August 3: The party of Gaspar de Portolà becomes the first white group to set foot in the area now known as Santa Monica, California.
* September 6 - September 9: David Garrick holds the first Shakespeare Festival at Stratford-upon-Avon.
* September 10 - Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774: Russian forces take the Ottoman fortress of Chocim in Bukovina.
* December 13 - Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire is established as John Wentworth, the Royal Governor, conveys a charter from King George III of England.

Undated

* James Watt demonstrates the first practical steam engine, an invention which inaugurates the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain.
* Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrates a steam-powered artillery tractor ("see drawing") in France.
* Famine in Bengal kills 10 million people, a third of the population, in the worst natural disaster in human history (in terms of lives lost).
* The Maharajah of Mysore forces the British to agree a treaty of mutual assistance in view of the famine, but the British East India Company increases its demands on the Bengali people to keep profits up.
* Richard Arkwright invents the spinning frame.
* The city of Brescia, Italy is devastated when the Church of San Nazaro, near Venice, is struck by lightning. The resulting fire ignites 200,000 lb (90,000 kg) of gunpowder being stored there, causing a massive explosion which destroys 1/6 of the city and kills 3,000 people. The disaster prompts the Roman Catholic Church to abandon their religious objection to using lightning rods to protect their property.
* The last wild wolf in the british isles is killed by hunters.

Ongoing events

* Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774.
* War of the Regulation (1764-1771).
* Captain James Cook's first voyage (1768-1771).

Births

* January 10 - Michel Ney, French marshal (d. 1815)
* March 1 - François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (d. 1796)
* March 10 - Joseph Williamson, philanthropist and builder of the Williamson's tunnels (d. 1840)
* March 23 - William Smith, English geologist and cartographer (d. 1839)
* March 29 - Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, French marshal (d. 1851)
* April 3 - Christian Gunther von Bernstorff, Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat (d. 1835)
* April 9 - Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres, German lepidopterist (d. 1809)
* April 11 - Jean Lannes, French marshal (d. 1809)
* April 13 - Thomas Lawrence, English painter (d. 1830)
* May 1 - Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British general and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1852)
* May 6 - Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1824)
* June 18 - Viscount Castlereagh, British statesman, diplomat, and soldier (d. 1822)
* August 15 - Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French (d. 1821)
* September 14 - Karl Salomo Zachariae Von Lingenthal, German jurist (d. 1843)
* October 6 - Isaac Brock, British general and administrator (d. 1812)
* December 13 - James Scarlett Abinger, English judge (d. 1844)
*"date unknown" - James Dadford, English canal engineer

: "See also ."

Deaths

* February 2 - Pope Clement XIII (b. 1693)
* March 28 - Johann Friedrich Endersch, cartographer (b. 1705)
* April 20 - Chief Pontiac, Ottawa chief (murdered) (b. c. 1719)
* June 1 - Edward Holyoke, American President of Harvard University (b. 1689)
* August 2 - Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, English politician (b. 1689)
* August 29 - Edmond Hoyle, English game expert (b. 1672)
* September 22 - Antonio Genovesi, philosopher (b. 1712)
* November 23 - Constantine Mavrocordatos, Prince of Wallachia and Prince of Moldavia (b. 1711)
* November 27 - Kamo no Mabuchi, Japanese poet and philologist (b. 1697)
* December 13 - Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet (b. 1715)
* December 30 - Nicholas Taaffe, 6th Viscount Taaffe, Austrian soldier (b. 1685)
*"date unknown" - Suramphaa - King of Assam

: "See also ."