- Ab initio
The
Latin term ab initio means "from the beginning" and is used in several contexts:* when describing literature: "told from the beginning" as opposed to "
in medias res " (meaning "starting in the middle of the story")* as a legal term: refers to something being the case from the start or from the instant of the act, rather than from when the court declared it so. A judicial declaration of the invalidity of a marriage "ab initio" is a nullity.
* in science: A calculation is said to be "ab initio" (or "from
first principles ") if it relies on basic and established laws of nature without additional assumptions or special models.:For example, an ab initio calculation of the properties of
liquid water might start with the properties of the constituenthydrogen andoxygen atom s and the laws ofelectrodynamics . From these basics, the properties of isolated individual watermolecule s would be derived, followed by computations of the interactions of larger and larger groups of water molecules, until thebulk properties of water had been determined.*in
chemistry : an abbreviation referring toab initio quantum chemistry methods
*inbiophysics : a method for the prediction of protein structures inprotein folding
* inaviation : The very first stage of flight training.* as part of some
education al qualifications: foreign languages may be taken "ab initio" - for beginners. Incidentally, "ab initio" is the name given to the two-year language programme offered in the International Baccalaureate programme. Students who have transferred from one school to another, which don't offer the same language classes, make take an "ab initio" form of language -- obtaining three credits (approximately three school years of a language) during the two year IB period.* in
computing :Ab Initio is anextract, transform, load tool used to manipulate data.* in
bioinformatics : a term used to define methods for making predictions about biological features using only a computational model without extrinsic comparison to existing data. In this context, it may be sometimes interchangeable with the Latin term "de novo ".
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См. также в других словарях:
initio — UK US /ɪˈnɪtiəʊ/ US /ɪˈnɪʃiəʊ/ adverb ► LAW AB INITIO(Cf. ↑ab initio) … Financial and business terms
initio — A beginning; a commencement. See ab initio … Ballentine's law dictionary
initio litis — See in initio litis … Ballentine's law dictionary
ab initio — ab ini·tio /ˌab ə ni shē ˌō, ˌäb i nē tē ˌō/ adv [Latin]: from the beginning a contract found to be void ab initio Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996 … Law dictionary
Ab Initio — Software Corporation was founded in the mid 1990 s by the former CEO of Thinking Machines Corporation, Sheryl Handler, and several other former employees after the bankruptcy of that company. The Ab Initio software is a fourth generation powerful … Wikipedia
Ab initio quantum chemistry methods — are computational chemistry methods based on quantum chemistry.[1] The term ab initio was first used in quantum chemistry by Robert Parr and coworkers, including David Craig in a semiempirical study on the excited states of benzene.[2][3] The… … Wikipedia
Ab Initio — La locution latine ab initio signifie depuis le début/commencement et est utilisée dans plusieurs contextes : en littérature : racontée depuis le début en opposition à in media res (signifiant commencer au milieu de l histoire). comme… … Wikipédia en Français
Ab initio — Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : « Ab initio », sur le Wiktionnaire (dictionnaire universel) La locution latine ab initio signifie depuis le début/commencement et est utilisée dans plusieurs contextes : en littérature … Wikipédia en Français
Methode ab initio de chimie quantique — Méthode ab initio de chimie quantique Les méthodes ab initio de chimie quantique sont des méthodes de chimie numérique basées sur la chimie quantique[1]. La méthode ab initio la plus simple de calcul de structure électronique est le schéma… … Wikipédia en Français
Méthode Ab Initio De Chimie Quantique — Les méthodes ab initio de chimie quantique sont des méthodes de chimie numérique basées sur la chimie quantique[1]. La méthode ab initio la plus simple de calcul de structure électronique est le schéma Hartree Fock (HF), dans laquelle la… … Wikipédia en Français
