Pipunculidae

Taxobox
name = Pipunculidae

---

image_caption = "Eudorylaus" sp. Male and female in copula
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
subphylum = Hexapoda
classis = Insecta
subclassis = Pterygota
infraclassis = Neoptera
superordo = Endopterygota|
ordo = Diptera
subordo = Brachycera
infraordo = Muscomorpha
zoosectio = Aschiza
superfamilia = Syrphoidea
familia = Pipunculidae
synonyms = *Dorilaidae
*Dorylaidae
subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
subdivision =
*Chalarinae
*Nephrocerinae
*Pipunculinae

Pipunculidae are a family of flies (Diptera), commonly termed Big-Headed Flies a reference to the large eyes , which cover nearly the entire head. The Family is worldwide and more than 1300 species have been described.

The larvae of Pipunculidae develop as Parasitoids almost exclusively in Homoptera, the exception being the genus "Nephrocerus", whose hosts are adult Tipulidae (crane flies). The larvae develop rapidly within the crane flies before pupating in the soil [Cite journal|author=Koenig, D.P. & C.W. Young.|year=2007 |month= January|title=First observation of parasitic relations between bigheaded flies of the genus "Nephrocerus" (Diptera: Pipunculidae) and crane flies of the genus "Tipula" (Diptera: Tupulidae: Tipulinae), with larval and puparial descriptions of "Nephrocerus atrapilus" Skevington.|pages=52-65|publisher=Allen Press/The Entomological Society of Washington|journal= Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington|volume=109|issue=1 |location = Washington DC| language = English| issn = 0013-8797] . In all Pipunculids there are only 2 larval stages. Some species are used as biological control agents in rice fields.

Literature

General
*Honomichl K, Bellmann H (1994): "Biologie und Ökologie der Insekten"; CD-Rom, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
*R. Remane, E. Wachmann: "Zikaden - kennenlernen, beobachten - Naturbuch Verlag", Augsburg 1993, ISBN 3-89440-044-7
*Waloff N, Jervis M A (1987): Communities of parasitoids associated with leafhoppers and planthoppers in Europe, "Adv Ecol Rs" 17 282 - 403

Identification
*Coe RL (1966): Diptera family Pipunculidae, "Handb Ident British Insects" 10(2c), London
*Jervis, M.A. (1992): A taxonomic revision of the pipunculid fly genus Chalarus Walker, with particular reference to the European fauna. "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" 105: 243-352; London.
*Kehlmaier, C. (2006): The West-Palaearctic species of Jassidophaga Aczél and Verrallia Mik described up to 1966 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). "Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde", Serie A (Biologie) 697, 34pp.; Stuttgart.
*Kuznetzov, S. Y. (1992): The Palaearctic species of the genus Verrallia (Diptera: Pipunculidae). "Zoosystematica Rossica" 1: 102-116; St. Petersburg.
*Kehlmaier, C. (2006): The West-Palaearctic species of Jassidophaga Aczél and Verrallia Mik described up to 1966 (Diptera: Pipunculidae). "Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde", Serie A (Biologie) 697, 34pp.; Stuttgart.
*Kuznetzov, S. Y. (1992): The Palaearctic species of the genus Verrallia (Diptera: Pipunculidae). "Zoosystematica Ross"ica 1: 102-116; St. Petersburg.
*Grootaert, P. & De Meyer, M. (1986): On the taxonomy and ecology of Nephrocerus Zetterstedt (Diptera, Pipunculidae) with a redescription of N. lapponicus and a key to the European species. "Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Entomologie" 56: 85-91.
*Skevington, J. & Marshall, S. A. (1998): "Systematics of New World Pipunculus (Diptera: Pipunculidae)." Thomas Say Publications in Entomology: Monographs, 201pp.; Lanham.
*De Meyer, M. (1989a): The West-Palaearctic species of the pipunculid genera Cephalops and Beckerias (Diptera): classification, phylogeny and geographical distribution. "Journal of Natural History" 23: 725-765.
*De Meyer, M. (1989b): Systematics of the Nearctic species of the genus Cephalops Fallén (Diptera, Pipunculidae). "Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Entomologie" 59: 99-130; Brussel.
*De Meyer, M. (1989): The West-Palaearctic species of the pipunculid genera Cephalops and Beckerias (Diptera): classification phylogeny and geographical distribution. "Journal of Natural History" 23: 725-765.
*Kehlmaier, C. (2005a): Taxonomic revision of European Eudorylini (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). "Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg" (NF) 41: 45-353; Hamburg.
*Kehlmaier, C. (2005a): Taxonomic revision of European Eudorylini (Insecta, Diptera, Pipunculidae). "Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg" (NF) 41: 45-353; Hamburg.
*Albrecht, A. (1990): Revision, phylogeny and classification of the genus Dorylomorpha (Diptera, Pipunculidae)."Acta Zoologica Fennica" 188: 1-240; Helsinki.
*Földvári, M. & De Meyer, M. (1999): Revision of central and west European Tomosvaryella Aczél species (Diptera, Pipunculidae)."Acta Zoologica Scientiarum Hungaricae" 45 (4): 299-334; Budapest.

Distribution

* [http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=10944 West Palaearctic including Russia]
* [http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/diptera/dipp-s.htm#anchor178413 Nearctic]
* [http://konchudb.agr.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mokuroku/ Japan]

External links

* [http://www.kehlmaier.de/pipunculidae1.html Kehlmaier on Pipunculidae] Dedicated site
* [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Pipunculidae Tree of Life- Pipunculidae]
* [http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S0034-77441999000300025&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en Scientific paper on Pipunculidae with structural diagrams]
* [http://bugguide.net/node/view/67160/bgimage Images at BugGuide]
* [http://www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=38 Gallery at Diptera.info]

ee Also

List of British Pipunculidae

References