- Object type
In
computer science , an object type (a.k.a. wrapping object) is adatatype which is used inobject-oriented programming to wrap a non-object type to make it look like a dynamic object.Some
object-oriented programming language s make a distinction between reference andvalue type s, often referred to as objects and non-objects on platforms where complex value types don't exist, for reasons such as runtime efficiency and syntax or semantic issues. For example, Java hasprimitive wrapper class es corresponding to eachprimitive type :Integer
andint
,Character
andchar
,Float
andfloat
, etc. Languages likeC++ have little or no notion of reference type; thus, the use of object type is of little interest.Boxing
Boxing is to place a value within an object so that the value can be used as a reference object. For example, lists may have certain methods which
arrays might not, but the list might also require that all of its members be dynamic objects. In this case, the added functionality of the list might be unavailable to a simple array of numbers.For a more concrete example, in Java, a Javadoc:SE|java/util|LinkedList can change its size, but an array must have a fixed size. One might desire to have a
LinkedList
ofint
s, but theLinkedList
class only lists references to dynamic objects — it cannot list primitive types, which are value types.To get around this,
int
s can be boxed intoInteger
s, which are dynamic objects, and then added to aLinkedList
ofInteger
s. (Using generic parameterized types introduced inJ2SE 5.0, this type is represented asLinkedList
.)On the other hand, C# has no primitive wrapper classes, but allows boxing of any value type, returning a generic
Object
reference.The boxed object is always a copy of the value object, and is usually immutable. Unboxing the object also returns a copy of the stored value. Note that repeated boxing and unboxing of objects can have a severe performance impact, since it dynamically allocates new objects and then makes them eligible for
Garbage collection .Autoboxing
Autoboxing is the term for treating a value type as a reference type without any extra source code. The compiler automatically supplies the extra code needed to perform the
type conversion .For example J2SE 5.0 allow the programmer to create a
LinkedList
ofint
s. This does not contradict what was said above: theLinkedList
still only lists references to dynamic objects, and it cannot list primitive types. But now, when Java expects a reference but receives a primitive type, it immediately converts that primitive type to a dynamic object. Note that the declaration Listis illegal in Java, but List is not, and autoboxing will allow adding of primitive ints to the collection. This action is called "autoboxing", because it is done automatically and implicitly instead of requiring the programmer to do so manually.
Unboxing
Unboxing refers to a boxed value type which has been broken down and the value type retrieved for a process of some kind such as a mathematical operation.
For example, in versions of Java prior to J2SE 5.0, the following code did not compile:
Compilers prior to 5.0 would not accept the last line.
Integer
s are reference objects, on the surface no different fromList
,Object
, and so forth; mathematical operators such as+
were not meaningfully defined for references. As of J2SE 5.0, theInteger
si
andj
are unboxed intoint
s, the two are added, and then the sum is autoboxed into a newInteger
. [http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/language/autoboxing.html]Another example:
C# does not support automatic unboxing. A boxed object must be explicitly unboxed with a typecasting operator:
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