Quarter (United States coin)

Infobox Coin
Country = United States
Denomination = Quarter Dollar
Value = 0.25
Unit = U.S. dollar
Mass_troy_oz = 0.182
Mass = 5.670
Diameter_inch = 0.955
Diameter = 24.26
Thickness_inch = 0.069
Thickness = 1.75
Edge = 119 reeds
Composition = 91.67% Cu
8.33% Ni
Years of Minting = 1796, 1804-1807, 1815-1828, 1831-1930, 1932–present
Catalog Number = -
Obverse = 2006_Quarter_Proof.png Obverse Design = George Washington
Obverse Designer = John Flanagan (1932 version) / William Cousins (modification to Flanagan's design)
Obverse Design Date = 1999
Reverse = 2008 AK Proof.png|150px Reverse Design = Alaska
Reverse Designer = Various Designers
Reverse Design Date = 2008 | A quarter dollar is a coin worth 1/4 of a United States dollar, or 25 cents. The quarter has been produced since 1796.

It is sometimes referred to as "two bits" because two bits of a Spanish Reales coin, which was often used in the early years of the United States, made up a quarter of a dollar's value. [cite web|title=1780 Piece of Eight|url=http://www.espd.com/oxhill/Artifacts/Colonial/1780/1780pieceofeight.htm|publisher=ESPD (eSpd.com)|accessdate=2007-11-17]

List of designs

*Silver quarters
**Draped Bust 1796-1807
***Draped Bust, Small Eagle 1796 [http://coinsite.com/CoinSite-PF/pparticles/25csmeag.asp]
***Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle 1804–1807 [ http://coinsite.com/CoinSite-PF/pparticles/25cheral.asp ]
**Capped Bust 1815-1838
***Capped Bust (Large Size), With Motto 1815–1828 [ http://coinsite.com/CoinSite-PF/pparticles/25ccaplg.asp]
***Capped Bust (Small Size), No Motto 1831–1838 [ http://coinsite.com/CoinSite-PF/pparticles/25ccapsm.asp ]
**Seated Liberty 1838-1891
***Seated Liberty, No Motto 1838–1865 [http://coinsite.com/CoinSite-PF/pparticles/25cnomot.asp ]
***Seated Liberty, With Motto 1866–1891 [ http://coinsite.com/CoinSite-PF/pparticles/25cmotto.asp ]
**Barber 1892–1916 [ http://coinsite.com/CoinSite-PF/pparticles/25cbarbr.asp ]
**Standing Liberty 1916-1930 [http://coinsite.com/CoinSite-PF/pparticles/25cstndg.asp ]
***Standing Liberty (Type 1) 1916–1917
***Standing Liberty (Type 2) 1917–1930
**Washington Quarter 1932–1964, 1992–1998 (Proof Only) [ http://coinsite.com/CoinSite-PF/pparticles/25cwash.asp ]
***Washington Bicentennial 1975–1976 (all were dated 1776-1976) (40% Silver-clad Proof, not intended for circulation)
***Washington statehood 1999–2008 (Proof Only)
***Washington District of Columbia and U.S. territories 2009 (Proof Only)
*Copper-nickel quarters
**Washington Quarter 1965–1974, 1977–1998
***Washington Bicentennial 1975–1976 (all were dated 1776-1976).
***Washington statehood 1999–2008
***Washington District of Columbia and U.S. territories 2009
***Washington National Park Quarters 2010-2020 (proposed)

Current design

:"For a list of Washington Quarter coins, see: Washington Quarter"The current clad version is cupronickel (8.33% Ni with the remainder Cu), weighs 5.670 grams (0.2000 avoirdupois oz, 0.1823 troy oz), diameter 0.955 inches (24.26 mm), width 1.75 millimeters (0.069 in) with a reeded edge. Owing to the introduction of the clad quarter in 1965, it was occasionally called a "Johnson Sandwich," after Lyndon B. Johnson, U.S. President at the time. It currently costs 7.33 cents to produce each coin (as of 2004). Before 1965, quarters contained 90% silver, 10% copper. Early quarters (before 1828) were slightly larger in diameter and thinner than the current coin.

The current regular issue coin is the Washington quarter (showing George Washington) on the obverse. The reverse featured an eagle prior to the 1999 50 State Quarters Program. The Washington quarter was designed by John Flanagan. It was initially issued as a circulating commemorative, but was made a regular issue coin in 1934.

Update after|2007|2|20

In 1999, the 50 State Quarters program of circulating commemorative quarters began; these have a modified Washington obverse and a different reverse for each state. The regular Washington quarter's production is temporarily suspended during this program. A redesign is possible after the end of the state quarter program; Congress in recent years has ordered the Treasury to redesign the Lincoln cent, Jefferson nickel, and Sacagawea dollar in addition to the quarter. In all cases, though, the original honoree has been retained either in the redesign or in a parallel issue. Thus, it seems very likely that any redesign would continue to feature Washington.

On January 23, 2007, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 392 extending the state quarter program one year to 2009, to include the District of Columbia and the five U.S. territories large enough to merit non-voting Congressional representatives: Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The bill passed through the Senate and was signed into legislation by President Bush on December 27, 2007. [http://www.theorator.com/bills110/text/hr392.html bill H.R. 392] ] [http://www.usmint.gov/pressroom/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=press_release&ID=857 The United States Mint Pressroom ] ] The typeface used in the state quarter series varies a bit from one state to another, but is generally derived from Albertus.

On June 4, 2008, a bill titled America’s Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008 was introduced to the House of Representatives. If this bill becomes law, a new 11-year series of quarters will begin in 2010.

Silver series

The current rarities for the Washington Quarter silver series are as follows:Branch Mintmarks are; D = Denver, S = San Francisco. Coins without mintmarks are all made at the main Mint in Philadelphia.This listing is for Business strikes, not the Proofs.

*1932 D
*1932 S
*1934 - with Double Die Obverse (DDO)
*1935 D
*1936 D
*1937 - with Double Die Obverse (DDO)
*1937 S
*1938 S
*1939 S
*1940 D
*1942 D - with Double Die Obverse (DDO)
*1942 D - with Double Die Reverse (DDR)
*1943 - with Double Die ?
*1943 S - with Double Die Obverse (DDO)
*1950 D/S Over mintmark ( coin is a '50-D, with underlying S mintmark )
*1950 S/D Over mintmark ( coin is a '50-S, with underlying D mintmark )
*1955 D

The 1940 Denver Mint, 1936 Denver mint and the 1935 Denver Mint coins, as well as many others in the series, are considerably more valuable than other coins. This is not due to their mintages, but rather because they are harder to find in high grades. Many of these coins are worth only "melt value" in low grades. Other coins in the above list are expensive because of their extremely low mintages, such as the 1932 Denver and San Francisco issues. The overstruck mintmark issues are also scarce and expensive, especially in the higher grades; even so they may not have the same popularity as overdates found in pre-Washington quarter series.

The 1934 Philadelphia strike appears in two versions: one with a light motto [for "In God We Trust"] , which is the same as that used on the 1932 strikings, and the other a heavy motto seen after the dies were reworked. Except in the highest grades, the difference in value between the two is minor.

The "Silver Series" of Washington Quarters spans from 1932 to 1964; during many years in the series it will appear that certain mints did not mint Washington Quarters for that year. No known examples of quarters were made in 1933, San Francisco abstained in 1934 and 1949, and stopped after 1955, until it resumed in 1968 by way of making proofs. Denver did not make quarters in 1938, and Philadelphia never stopped, except in 1933. Proof examples from 1936 to 1942 and 1950 to 1967 were struck at the Philadelphia Mint; in 1968 proof production was shifted to the San Francisco Mint.

The mint mark on the coin is located on the reverse beneath the wreath on which the eagle is perched, and will either carry the mint mark "D" for the Denver Mint, "S" for the San Francisco mint, or be blank if minted at the Philadelphia Mint.

Copper-nickel clad series

The copper-nickel clad series of Washington Quarters started in 1965, and as part of the switch Denver and San Francisco did not stamp their mint marks from 1965 to 1967 in any denomination. The switch from silver to copper-nickel clad occurred because the federal government was losing money because the silver value of U.S. coins had exceeded their face value and were being melted down by individuals for profit. For the first three years of clad production, in lieu of proof sets, specimen sets were specially sold as "Special Mint Sets" minted at the San Francisco Mint in 1965, 1966, and 1967 (Deep Cameo versions of these spectacular coins are highly valued because of their rarity).

As it is right now there are few examples in the clad series that are valued as highly as the silver series but there are certain dates or examples that stand out. The Deep Cameo versions of proofs from 1965 to 1971 and 1981 Type Two are highly valued because of their scarcity, high grade examples of quarters from certain years of the 1980s (such as 1981-1986) because of scarcity in high grades due to high circulation and in 1982 and 1983 no mint sets were produced making it harder to find mint state examples, and any coin from 1981-1994 graded in MS67 is worth upwards of $1000.

The mint mark on the coin is located on the obverse at the bottom right hemisphere under the supposed date. In 1965-1967 cupro-nickel coins bore no mint mark; quarters minted in 1968-1979 were stamped with a "D" for the Denver mint, an "S" for the San Francisco mint (proof coins only), or blank for Philadelphia. Starting in 1980, the Philadelphia mint was allowed to add its mint mark to all coins except the one-cent piece. Twenty-five-cent pieces minted from 1980 until the present are stamped with "P" for the Philadelphia mint, "D" for the Denver mint, or "S" for San Francisco mint (proof coins only).

ee also

* 50 State Quarters (current quarter release of five states per year)
* United States bicentennial coinage
* United States Mint coin production
* Washington Quarter (U.S.) - includes mintages

References

External links

* [http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/index.cfm?action=coin_specifications Official specifications]
* [http://www.usmint.gov/faqs/circulating_coins/index.cfm?action=faq_circulating_coin]
*http://www.acoin.com/regularissue/regular25c.htm
* [http://www.coincommunity.com/us_coin_links/us_quarters.asp US Quarters by year and type.] Histories, photos, and more.