Roman Catholicism in Finland

The Catholic Church in Finland is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome.

Finland has the lowest proportion of Roman Catholics in all of Europe, about 9,000 people [http://www.vaestorekisterikeskus.fi/vrk/files.nsf/files/FF622675B4BB1110C2257459002561F9/$file/rek.uskonnolliset+yhd,311207.htm] . The overwhelming majority are foreign-born, particularly Polish. About half of the priests are Polish. As of 2007 there are only two Finland-born priests, and only one of them works in Finland. The Bishop of Helsinki, since 2001, is the Rt. Rev. Józef Wróbel, SCJ.

Due to the tiny number of Catholics in Finland, the whole country forms a single diocese, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Helsinki. Bishop Wróbel participates in the Scandinavian Bishops Conference.

History

Catholicism was one of the very first forms of Christendom that entered the area of Finland. Earliest finds of Western-Christian (Catholic) artefacts date from the 11th to the 12th century. In the 16th century Finland, as part of Sweden, took part in the Lutheran reformation after which Catholicism lost almost all ground in the area.

The first Catholic religious service following the death of the Catholic John III of Sweden was held in 1796 by the apostolic vicar of Stockholm, the Italian-born Father Paolo Moretti. Fact|date=September 2007

The parish Vyborg was established 1799 in the Russian part of Old Finland. After the rest of Finland became part of the Russian Empire in 1812, the parish covered the whole Grand Duchy of Finland. There were about 3000 Catholics in 1830. All the priests until the 1860s were Lithuanian Dominicans. The parish of Helsinki was founded 1856, possibly due the influence of the General Governor Friedrich Wilhelm von Berg's Italian wife, the Countess Leopoldina Cicogna. St. Henry's Cathedral in Helsinki was finished in 1860.

In 1882 all the German priests and nuns were expelled. All foreign priests were expelled again in 1912. After Finland's independence and the departure of Russian military forces, the Catholic church lost most of its members. Fact|date=September 2007

In 1920 an Apostolic vicariate was established in Finland. The Parish of Turku was established in 1926, and in 1927 the Parish of Terijoki. The Government granted the Catholic Church in Finland the status of religious community in 1929. Finland established diplomatic relations with the Holy See in 1942 and Pope Pius XII donated a significant sum of money to Finnish war orphans. Fact|date=September 2007 After the war the Parishes of Vyborg and Terijoki, which had been located in territories that were ceded to Russia, were moved to Lahti, and a new parish was founded in 1949 in Jyväskylä.

The Church of the Assumption of Mary was finished in Helsinki in 1954. The following year the apostolic vicarship was made a diocese. The Parish of Tampere was established in 1957, the Parish of Kouvola in 1985 and the Parish of Oulu in 1992.

Catholic Church Movements and Groups are also active in Finland. One of these, the Neocatechumenal Way has established two Redemptoris Mater Seminaries in Finland and maintains a presence both in Helsinki and in other towns, most notably Oulu.

Churches

*Helsinki: St. Henrik's Cathedral, St. Mary's Church
*Turku: St. Brigit and Blessed Hemming Church
*Jyväskylä: St. Olav's Church
*Tampere: Holy Cross Church
*Kouvola: St. Ursula's Church
*Oulu: Holy Family of Nazareth Church

Religious Orders

The Bridgettine order is active in Finland with convents in Turku and Koisjärvi, near Lohja. A Carmelite convent, the Monastery of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Finland was established in Espoo in 1988.

The relics of Henry

The ownership of relics of Bishop Henry caused some controversy between the National Board of Antiquities, the Catholic Church in Finland, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. In 1998 the priest of Parish of St. Henry in Helsinki wished to relocate the relic in the Cathedral of Saint Henry in Helsinki, although it was previously exhibited in the Lutheran Cathedral of Turku. The National Board of Antiquities eventually chose to place the relics in the Cathedral of Saint Henry in Helsinki. Fact|date=September 2007

References

External links

* [http://www.catholic.fi/ Homepage of the Catholic Church in Finland]
* [http://www.kolumbus.fi/birgitta.turku/index.htm] Bridgettine Sisters in Finland