Fundamental unit (number theory)
- Fundamental unit (number theory)
In algebraic number theory, a fundamental unit is a generator for the torsion-free unit group of the ring of integers of a number field, when that group is infinite cyclic. See also Dirichlet's unit theorem.
For rings of the form , the fundamental unit has the form where ("x","y") is the smallest nontrivial solution to Pell's equation "x"2 - "ny"2 = 1 or "x"2 - "ny"2 = -1. (For example, if "n" is a prime that is 1 mod 4 then the fundamental unit comes from a solution of the second equation.)
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