Laacher See

Infobox_lake
lake_name = Laacher See
image_lake = Maria Laach Lake.jpg
caption_lake = Lake in winter from the southwestern lakeside
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry =
location = Rhineland-Palatinate
coords = coord|50|25|N|7|16|E|region:DE_type:waterbody|display=inline,title
type = crater lake, caldera lake
inflow =
outflow =
catchment =
basin_countries = Germany
length =
width =
area = convert|3.3|km2|sqmi|abbr=on
depth =
max-depth = convert|53|m|ft|abbr=on
volume =
residence_time =
shore =
elevation = convert|275|m|ft|abbr=on
islands =
cities =

_de. Laacher See or Laach Lake (in English) is a crater lake or more exactly a caldera lake in the Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, situated close to the cities of Koblenz, Mayen (11 km), and Andernach (14 km). It fills a volcanic caldera in the Eifel mountain range, the only caldera in Central Europe. It is part of the area of the "east Eifel volcanic field".

The great Eifel lake takes its name from the Old High German word "lacha" which in turn is derived from Latin "lacus" as English "lake". Thus the name literally means "Lake of the Lake" similar to the "Loch Lochy" in the Scottish Highlands with the same meaning.

The lake lies convert|850|ft|m|0|abbr=on above sea level, convert|5|mi|km|0|abbr=on in circumference, and surrounded by a ring of high hills. The water has a blue colour, very cold and bitter to the taste. The lake has no natural outlet and so the water level changes considerably due to evaporation and rainfall conditions. On the western side lies the Benedictine monastery of Maria Laach Abbey (" _la. Abbatia Lacensis"), founded in 1093 by Henry II of Laach of the House of Luxembourg, first "count palatine of the Rhine" who has had his castle opposite to the monastery above the eastern lakeside.

The caldera was formed after the Laacher volcano erupted, between 12,900 and 11,200 years ago. The remaining crust collapsed into the empty magma chamber below, only two or three days after the eruption. [ [http://www.jkrieger.de/stones/laachersee.html Assembly area: Laacher lake] de icon] With an estimated Volcanic Explosivity Index value of 6, this eruption was 250 times larger than the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. Remains of this eruption can be found all over Europe and is often used for dating of sediments. [cite journal |last=Bogaard |first=P. v. d. |authorlink= |coauthors=Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich |year=1985 |month= |title=Laacher See Tephra: A widespread isochronous late Quaternary tephra layer in central and northern Europe |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |volume=96 |issue=12 |pages=1554–1571 |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1554:LSTAWI>2.0.CO;2 |url= |accessdate= |quote= ] [cite journal |last=Bogaard |first=Paul van den |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1995 |month= |title=⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of sanidine phenocrysts from Laacher See Tephra (12,900 yr BP): Chronostratigraphic and petrological significance |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=133 |issue=1-2 |pages=163–174 |doi=10.1016/0012-821X(95)00066-L |url= |accessdate= |quote= ] A number of unique minerals can be found in the region, [cite journal |author=Ginibre, Catherine; Wörner, Gerhard; Kronz, Andreas |year=2004 |month= |title=Structure and Dynamics of the Laacher See Magma Chamber (Eifel, Germany) from Major and Trace Element Zoning in Sanidine: a Cathodoluminescence and Electron Microprobe Study |journal= Journal of Petrology |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=2197–2223 |doi=10.1093/petrology/egh053 |url= |accessdate= |quote= ] and quaries to mine the stone as a building material.

The Laacher is still considered to be an active volcano, proven by seismic activities and heavy thermal anomalies under the lake. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas from magma still bubbles up at the southeastern shore, ["National Geographic". 1986 #9] and scientists believe that a new eruption can happen at any time, which, today, would be a disaster beyond all description.

ee also

*List of volcanoes in Germany

References

Further reading

*cite journal |author=Park, Cornelia; Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich |year=1997 |month= |title=Lake Formation and Catastrophic Dam Burst during the Late Pleistocene Laacher See Eruption (Germany) |journal=Naturwissenschaften |volume=84 |issue=12 |pages=521–525 |doi=10.1007/s001140050438 |url= |accessdate= |quote=
*cite journal |last=Riede |first=Felix |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2008 |month= |title=The Laacher See-eruption (12,920 BP) and material culture change at the end of the Allerød in Northern Europe |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=591–599 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2007.05.007 |url= |accessdate= |quote=