Scioptric ball

The scioptic ball is a universal joint allowing a optical instrument mounted on a ball to be swiveled to point anywhere in a wide arc. It was inspired by studies of the human eye. It has a number of applications. The scioptic ball may provide a firm anchor for a microscope, camera or telescope allowing it to be swiveled in all directions, for example to follow the course of an eclipse or for drawing panoramic views. Scioptric balls have been used as camera obscuras, projecting images from the outside on walls in darkened rooms. Scioptric balls have been used simply as light sources. It was an early example of a type of wide-angle lens.

History

Daniel Schwenter (1585-1636), professor of mathematics and oriental languages, developed the scioptic ball in 1636. In 1685, Johann Zahn illustrated a large workshop camera obscura for solar observations using the telescope and scioptic ball.

Sources

* [http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp?c=406020 Scioptic ball example in museum]
* [http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/cameras/index.htm?item14 Scioptic Ball example in museum]