Grampound (UK Parliament constituency)

UK former constituency infobox
Name = Grampound
Type = Borough
Year = 1553
Abolition = 1821
members = two

Grampound in Cornwall, was a borough constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1821. It was represented by two Members of Parliament.

History

Grampound's market was on a Saturday and the town had a glove factory. Grampound was created a Borough by a charter of King Edward III with a Mayor, eight Aldermen, a Recorder, and a Town Clerk. In 1553 it was summoned to send members to Parliament for the first time, one of a number of rotten boroughs in Cornwall established during the Tudor period.

Boundaries

The constituency was a Parliamentary borough in Cornwall, covering Grampound, a market town 8 miles from Truro on the River Fal.

Franchise

The franchise for the borough was in the hands of Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and any Freemen created by the council. In 1816, T.H.B. Oldfield wrote that there were 42 voters in all. Given that the borough had 80 houses, this meant that the franchise was extended well into the working class.

While several patrons (including the Earls of Mount Edgcumbe, Lord Eliot, Sir Christopher Hawkins and Basil Cochrane) attempted to exert their influence over the choice of members to serve Grampound, the electors were more interested in the monetary value of their vote. Oldfield wrote "The freemen of this borough have been known to boast of "receiving three hundred guineas a man for their votes at one election"." So notorious and unmanageable did the borough become that Grampound became a byword for electoral corruption, and Edward Porritt noted its use was continuing in 1903.

Disfranchisement for corruption

Finally, after the return of two members in the 1818 general election was overturned by a petition alleging gross bribery, Lord John Russell moved to disfranchise Grampound and to transfer the two members to a new Parliamentary Borough of Leeds. The usual treatment for a Borough which had perpetual bribery (as practiced in New Shoreham in 1770, Cricklade in 1782, Aylesbury in 1804 and East Retford in 1828) was to expand its boundaries and franchise into an area free of corruption but that was not possible in Grampound where the neighbouring towns were also Parliamentary boroughs and increasing the electorate would simply increase the pool of potential bribed voters.

After a delay caused by the accession of King George IV and the scandal of Queen Caroline's return, Russell introduced a Bill in January 1821. The suggestion of Leeds as a new borough met with resistance because of the large number of working class voters who would be enfranchised, and when an amendment to raise the qualification was passed, Russell withdrew his Bill; however, the mover of the amendment introduced his own. The House of Lords amended the Bill to give the two members instead to the county of Yorkshire, an amendment accepted and which eventually went into law. Grampound was disfranchised by 1 & 2 Geo. IV, c. 47.

Members of Parliament

*"Not represented in the First and Second Protectorate Parliaments; returned two members for the Third Protectorate Parliament."
*"Constituency disenfranchished for corruption" (1821)

Notes

Elections

As with most boroughs in the unreformed House of Commons, Grampound was uncontested at most elections. The only contested elections after 1660 were:

* 1741: The sitting members, Thomas Hales and Thomas Trefusis, (who were supporters of Robert Walpole) were challenged by Daniel Boone and William Banks. Hales and Trefusis were supported by Richard Edgcumbe who was managing the Cornish Boroughs for the Government and controlled the Grampound corporation, but Boone and Banks arranged for an alternate Mayor to be elected and indemnified the Sheriff of the County against any legal expenses if he delivered the writs for the election to their Mayor and was sued. They secured their election by 27 votes to 23, while an alternative poll by the original Mayor returned Hales and Trefusis with 35 votes to 17 for their opponents. However, Hales and Trefusis declined to press their challenge through an election petition.

Election box begin
title=General Election 1741: Grampound (2 seats)Election box candidate
candidate = Daniel Boone
party = N/A
votes = 27
percentage = 27%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = William Banks
votes = 27
percentage = 27%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Thomas Hales
votes = 23
percentage = 23%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Thomas Trefusis
votes = 23
percentage = 23%
change = "N/A"

* 1754: Sir John St Aubyn, Bt and Francis Beauchamp were proposed as candidates apparently without their knowledge by local malcontent voters who wanted to raise the level of their bribery. They secured 13 votes to 31 for Merrick Burrell and Simon Fanshawe, who were government candidates.

Election box begin
title=General Election 1754: Grampound (2 seats)Election box candidate
candidate = Merrick Burrell
party = N/A
votes = 31
percentage = 35%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Simon Fanshawe
votes = 31
percentage = 35%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Sir John St Aubyn, Bt
votes = 13
percentage = 15%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Francis Beauchamp
votes = 13
percentage = 15%
change = "N/A"

Election box begin
title=General Election 1796: Grampound (2 seats)Election box candidate
candidate = Bryan Edwards
party = N/A
votes = 12
percentage = 33%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Robert Sewell
votes = 12
percentage = 33%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Lord Grey of Groby
votes = 6
percentage = 17%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Jeremiah Crutchley
votes = 6
percentage = 17%
change = "N/A"

Election box begin
title=General Election 1807: Grampound (2 seats)Election box candidate
candidate = Hon. Andrew Cochrane-Johnstone
party = N/A
votes = 27
percentage = 33%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = George Frederick Augustus Cochrane
votes = 27
percentage = 33%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Robert Williams
votes = 14
percentage = 17%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Henry Baring
votes = 13
percentage = 16%
change = "N/A"
*"Election declared void, March 7, 1808"

* 1808: Robert Williams (senior) and John Teed 14; Hon. George Augustus Frederick Cochrane and William Holmes 13 by first returning officer. Cochrane and Holmes 27; Williams and Teed 14 by second returning officer. Williams and Teed seated on petition, May 10, 1808.

Election box begin
title=By-Election 1808: GrampoundElection box candidate
candidate = Robert Williams
party = N/A
votes = 14
percentage = 26%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = John Teed
votes = 14
percentage = 26%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = George Frederick Augustus Cochrane
votes = 13
percentage = 24%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = William Holmes
votes = 13
percentage = 24%
change = "N/A"

Election box begin
title=General Election 1812: Grampound (2 seats)Election box candidate
candidate = John Teed
party = N/A
votes = 55
percentage = 47%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Hon. Andrew Cochrane-Johnstone
votes = 34
percentage = 29%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Charles Trelawny Brereton
votes = 28
percentage = 24%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = William Holmes
votes = 0
percentage = 16%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = William Congreve
votes = 0
percentage = 16%
change = "N/A"
*"Andrew Cochrane-Johnstone expelled for committing stock fraud"

Election box begin
title=By-Election 1814: GrampoundElection box candidate
candidate = Ebenezer Collett
party = N/A
votes = 45
percentage = 90%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = George Conway Montagu
votes = 5
percentage = 10%
change = "N/A"

Election box begin
title=General Election 1818: Grampound (2 seats)Election box candidate
candidate = John Innes
party = N/A
votes = 36
percentage = 34%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Alexander Robinson
votes = 36
percentage = 34%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = John Teed
votes = 11
percentage = 10%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Ebenezer Collett
votes = 11
percentage = 10%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = Benjamin Shaw
votes = 11
percentage = 10%
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = N/A
candidate = William Allen
votes = 1
percentage = 1%
change = "N/A"

References

* "Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland" by Thomas Hinton Burley Oldfield (Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, London, 1816)
* "Return of Members of Parliament" (1878)
* "The Unreformed House of Commons by Edward Porritt (Cambridge University Press, 1903)
* "Members of the Long Parliament" by D. Brunton and D.H. Pennington (George Allen and Unwin, 1954)
* "The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847" by Henry Stooks Smith (2nd edition, edited by FWS Craig - Chichester: Parliamentary Reference Publications, 1973)
* List of former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies