Battle of Stormberg

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Stormberg
partof=Second Boer War


caption=
date=December 10, 1899
place=coord|31|17|52.64|S|26|15|17.31|E|display=inline,title|type:mountain
Stormberg, Cape Colony, South Africa
casus=
territory=
result=Boer victory
combatant1=Great Britain
combatant2=Boers
commander1=William Forbes Gatacre
commander2=Field Kommandant Olivier
strength1=3000cite web|url=http://britishbattles.com/great-boer-war/stormberg.htm|title=Battle of Stormberg - The Boer War|accessdate=2008-06-21|date=2007|publisher= [http://britishbattles.com British Battles] ]
strength2=2000
casualties1=90 killed or wounded
600 captured
casualties2=Trifling

The Battle of Stormberg was the first British defeat of Black Week, in which three successive British forces were defeated by Boer irregulars in the Second Boer War.

When the plans for action against the Boer republics were drawn up, it was intended that a division under General William Gatacre would secure the area known as the Cape Midlands, immediately south of the Orange Free State. In the event, troops had to be diverted to Natal after disasters there, and Gatacre's reduced force arrived late. By the time they were ready to take the field, Boers from the Orange Free State had already seized the important railway junction of Stormberg.

Gatacre heard of the loss of Stormberg on 8 December at Graaff Reinet. He determined on an immediate counterattack to recover the place. A force of 1800 were to be taken by train to Molteno, the nearest railway station to Stormberg still in British hands, and march by night to attack a hill known as the Kissieberg which dominated the Boers' position. The force consisted of the 2nd Battalion, the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers (960 men), the 2nd Battalion, the Irish Rifles, (840 men), the 74th and 77th batteries of the Royal Field Artillery and 250 mounted infantry.

There was no time for reconnaissance, and preparations were rushed. Early the next day, the British troops hastily boarded the trains, but then sat for hours under a hot sun while locomotives were found. They were already tired when they reached Molteno, to set off on a night march with fixed bayonets after a hasty meal and very little rest. Gatacre's locally engaged guides were soon lost, and the force wandered about the veld all night.

As dawn broke, the British at last came in sight of the Kissieberg. A small Boer picket with one 75mm Krupp gun opened fire. Although Gatacre's force had merely to march around the hill to force the Boers to retreat, about half the infantry rushed forward without orders to storm it. They found that the hill was a typical kopje, ringed by a vertical rock face, which they were unable to climb. The British guns came into action, but shelled the British infantry already downrange.

The other half of Gatacre's force began to fall back in disorder. Gatacre gave the order to retreat to Molteno. Mounted Boer reinforcements appeared and attacked from both sides. The retreat of the exhausted British infantry was covered by the mounted infantry and the artillery, although two 15-pdr. guns were lost. Not until they reached Molteno did Gatacre realise that 600 men had been left behind on the Kissieberg. Hopelessly cut off, they were forced to surrender.

The Free State Boers and local rebels were slow to take advantage of Gatacre's defeat. By the time they did so, British reinforcements had arrived, and the area was secure. Gatacre was blamed by many for the defeat.

ee also

*Military history of South Africa

References

ource

*cite book|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ihc2AAAAMAAJ|author=Sir Arthur Conan Doyle|title=A History of The Great War (Chapter 10 - The Battle of Stormberg)|date=1917|publisher=George H. Doran company
*cite book|title=Goodbye Dolly Grey: Story of the Boer War|author=Rayne Kruger|publisher=New English Library|date=1964|isbn=0-7126-6285-5