Daucus carota

"Wild Carrot" redirects here. For the music group, see Wild Carrot (music group).

Wild Carrot
The umbel of a wild carrot
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Apiales
Family:	Apiaceae
Genus:	Daucus
Species:	D. carota
Binomial name
Daucus carota L.

Daucus carota (common names include wild carrot, (UK) bird's nest, bishop's lace, and (US) Queen Anne's lace) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, southwest Asia and naturalised to northeast North America and Australia; domesticated carrots are cultivars of a subspecies, Daucus carota subsp. sativus.

Daucus carota is a variable biennial plant, usually growing up to 1 m tall and flowering from June to August. The umbels are claret-coloured or pale pink before they open, then bright white and rounded when in full flower, measuring 3–7 cm wide with a festoon of bracts beneath; finally, as they turn to seed, they contract and become concave like a bird's nest. The dried umbels detach from the plant, becoming tumbleweeds.^[1]

Similar in appearance to the deadly poison hemlock, Daucus carota is distinguished by a mix of bi-pinnate and tri-pinnate leaves, fine hairs on its stems and leaves, a root that smells like carrots, and occasionally a single dark red flower in its center.

See carrot for the modern cultivated forms of the species.

Uses

Like the cultivated carrot, the wild carrot root is edible while young, but quickly becomes too woody to consume. The crushed seeds were once thought to be a form of birth control and its use for this purpose was first described by Hippocrates over 2,000 years ago.^{[citation needed]} Research conducted on mice has offered a degree of confirmation for this use—wild carrot was found to disrupt the ovum implantation process, which reinforces its reputation as a contraceptive.^{[original research?][2]} Chinese studies have also indicated the seeds block progesterone synthesis, which could explain this effect.^{[citation needed]}

As with all herbal remedies and wild food gathering, extra caution should be used, especially since the wild carrot bears close resemblance to a dangerous species, poison hemlock. The leaves of the wild carrot can cause phytophotodermatitis, so caution should also be used when handling the plant.

If used as a dyestuff, the flowers give a creamy, off-white color.

The wild carrot, when freshly cut, will draw or change color depending on the color of the water in which it is held. Note that this effect is only visible on the "head" or flower of the plant. Carnations also exhibit this effect. This occurrence is a popular science demonstration in primary grade school.

Beneficial weed

This beneficial weed can be used as a companion plant to crops. Like most umbellifers, it attracts predatory wasps to its small flowers in its native land; however, where it has been introduced, it attracts only very few of such wasps . This species is also documented to boost tomato plant production when kept nearby, and it can provide a microclimate of cooler, moister air for lettuce, when intercropped with it.^{[citation needed]}

Queen Anne's lace

Wild carrot was introduced and naturalised in North America, where it is often known as "Queen Anne's lace". It is so called because the flower resembles lace; the red flower in the center represents a blood droplet where Queen Anne pricked herself with a needle when she was making the lace. The function of the tiny red flower, coloured by anthocyanin, is to attract insects.

The USDA has listed it as a noxious weed,^[3] and it is considered a serious pest in pastures. It persists in the soil seed bank for two to five years.^[4]

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  Wild carrot in flower

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  Wild carrot plant

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  A young Queen Anne's Lace with red flower in center

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  Queen Anne's lace in southern Maine

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  Queen Anne's lace on Prince Edward Island

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  Queen Anne's lace in Michigan

See also

• List of beneficial weeds
• List of companion plants

References

1. ^ Herbert Waldron Faulkner (1917). The Mysteries of the Flowers. Frederick A. Stokes company. pp. 238.  page 210
2. ^ Chaudhury R (1993). "The quest for a herbal contraceptive.". Natl Med J India 6 (5): 199–201. PMID 8241931. 
3. ^ "USDA PLANTS". PLANTS Profile for Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace. Retrieved on June 11, 2007.
4. ^ Clark, D. L.; Wilson, M. V. (2003). "Post-dispersal seed fates of four prairie species". American Journal of Botany 90 (5): 730. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.5.730. http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/90/5/730. 

• Blanchan, Neltje (2005). Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. 
• Clapham, A. R., Tutin, T. G., and Warburg, E. F., 1962, Flora of the British Isles Cambridge University Press
• Mabey, Richard, 1997, Flora Britannica London: Chatto and Windus
• Rose, Francis, 2006, The Wild Flower Key (edition revised and expanded by Clare O'Reilly) London: Frederick Warne ISBN 0-7232-5175-4

External links

• Connecticut Botanical Society
• wikiHow.com