In electrical engineering, the admittance ("Y") is the inverse of the impedance ("Z"). The SI unit of admittance is the siemens. Oliver Heaviside coined the term in December 1887. [Ushida et al., "Immittance matching for multidimensional open-system photonic crystals", "Phys Rev B", vol 68, no. 15, Oct 2003.]

:$Y = Z^\left\{-1\right\} = 1/Z ,$

where :"Y" is the admittance, measured in siemens :"Z" is the impedance, measured in ohms

Note that the synonymous unit mho, and the symbol ℧ (an upside-down Omega Ω), are also in common use.

Admittance is a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow a current to flow. Resistance is a measure of the opposition of a circuit to the flow of a steady current, while impedance takes in to account not only the resistance but dynamic effects (known as reactance) as well. Likewise, admittance is not only a measure of the ease with which a steady current can flow (conductance, the inverse of resistance), but also takes in to account the dynamic effects of susceptance (the inverse of reactance).

The impedance, Z, is composed of real and imaginary parts,:$Z = R + jX ,$where:"R" is the resistance, measured in ohms:"X" is the reactance, measured in ohms

:$Y = Z^\left\{-1\right\}= frac\left\{1\right\}\left\{R+jX\right\} = left\left( frac\left\{1\right\}\left\{R+jX\right\} ight\right) cdot left\left( frac\left\{R-jX\right\}\left\{R-jX\right\} ight\right) = left\left( frac\left\{R\right\}\left\{R^2+X^2\right\} ight\right) + jleft\left(frac\left\{-X\right\}\left\{R^2+X^2\right\} ight\right)$

Admittance, just like impedance, is therefore a complex number, made up of a real part (the conductance, "G"), and an imaginary part (the susceptance, "B"), shown by the equation:

:$Y = G + j B ,$

:$Y = G + jB = left\left( frac\left\{R\right\}\left\{R^2+X^2\right\} ight\right) + j left\left( frac\left\{-X\right\}\left\{R^2+X^2\right\} ight\right)$

Then "G" (conductance) and "B" (susceptance) are given by:

:$G = Re\left(Y\right) = left\left( frac\left\{R\right\}\left\{R^2+X^2\right\} ight\right)$
:$B = Im\left(Y\right) = left\left( frac\left\{-X\right\}\left\{R^2+X^2\right\} ight\right)$

The magnitude and phase of the admittance are given by:

:$left | Y ight | = sqrt \left\{G^2 + B^2\right\} = frac \left\{1\right\} \left\{sqrt \left\{R^2 + X^2\right\} \right\} ,$
:$angle Y = arctan left\left( \left\{frac\left\{B\right\}\left\{G ight\right)= arctan left\left( \left\{frac\left\{-X\right\}\left\{R ight\right)$

where :"G" is the conductance, measured in siemens:"B" is the susceptance, measured in siemens

In mechanical systems (particularly in the field of haptics), an admittance is a dynamic mapping from force to motion. In other words, an equation (or virtual environment) describing an admittance would have inputs of force and would have outputs such as position or velocity. So, an admittance device would sense the input force and "admit" a certain amount of motion.

Similar to the electrical meanings of admittance and impedance, an impedance in the mechanical sense can be thought of as the "inverse" of admittance. That is, it is a dynamic mapping from motion to force. An impedance device would sense the input motion and "impede" the motion with some force.

An example of these concepts is a virtual spring. The equation describing a spring is Hooke's Law,

:$F = -kx ,$

If the input to the virtual spring is the spring displacement, x, and the output is the force that the virtual spring applies, "F", then the virtual spring would be classified as an impedance.If the input to the virtual spring is the force applied to the spring, "F", and the output is the spring displacement, "x", then the virtual spring would be classified as an admittance.

The geophysical conception of admittance is similar to that described above for mechanical systems. The concept is primarily used for describing the small effects of atmospheric pressure on earth gravity. Studies have also been carried out regarding the gravity of Venus. [Hoogenboom, Smrekar, Anderson, Houseman, "Admittance survey of type 1 coronae on Venus", "Journal of Geophysical Research", Vol 109, E03002, 2004] Admittance in geophysics takes atmospheric pressure as the input and measures small changes in the gravitational field as the output. Geophysics admittance is commonly measured in μgal/mbar. These units convert according to 1m/s2 = 100 gal and 1 bar 100kPa (kN/m2) so in SI units the measurement would be in units of;

$frac\left\{m/s^2\right\}\left\{N/m^2\right\}$ or $frac\left\{m^3\right\}\left\{Nmbox\left\{-\right\}s^2\right\}$ or, in primary units $frac\left\{m^2\right\}\left\{kg\right\}$

However, the relationship is not a straightforward one of proportionality. Rather, an "admittance function" is described which is time and frequency dependent in a complex way. [Abd El-Gelil, Pagiatakis, El-Rabbany, "Atmospheric Air Density Admittance Function for High Precision Gravity Reduction", "Elements: The newsletter of the Canadian Geophysical Union", vol 24, no. 2, July 2006]

ee also

SI electromagnetism units

References

* [http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/2072/eleccsa.htm Conductance, Susceptance, and Admittance]

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### См. также в других словарях:

• admittance — [ admitɑ̃s ] n. f. • 1896; mot angl. , du lat. admittere « admettre » ♦ Phys. Grandeur inverse de l impédance totale d un circuit électrique ou de l impédance équivalente d un conducteur inséré dans un circuit de courant alternatif. L unité d… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

• Admittance — Ad*mit tance, n. 1. The act of admitting. [1913 Webster] 2. Permission to enter; the power or right of entrance; also, actual entrance; reception. [1913 Webster] To gain admittance into the house. South. [1913 Webster] He desires admittance to… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

• admittance — admittance, admission. Admittance is mostly confined to the literal sense of allowing one to enter a locality or building {no admittance without a pass} {admittance to the grounds} Admission has acquired the figurative sense of admitting to… …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

• Admittance — Ad*mit tance, n. (Elec.) The reciprocal of impedance. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] || …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

• admittance — I (acceptance) noun admission, confirmation, designation, entrance, entree, entry, inclusion, induction, initiation, permission II (means of approach) noun access, admission, approach, avenue, course, entrance, entry, entryway, ingress, inlet,… …   Law dictionary

• admittance — (n.) 1580s, the action of admitting, formed in English from ADMIT (Cf. admit) + ANCE (Cf. ance) (if from Latin, it would have been *admittence; French uses accès in this sense). Used formerly in senses where ADMISSION (Cf. admission) now prevails …   Etymology dictionary

• admittance — [n] permission to enter access, entrance, entrée, entry, ingress, pass, passage, reception; concepts 388,685 …   New thesaurus

• admittance — ► NOUN ▪ the process or fact of entering or being allowed to enter …   English terms dictionary

• admittance — [ad mit′ ns, ədmit′ ns] n. 1. an admitting or being admitted 2. permission or right to enter 3. Elec. the ratio of effective current to effective voltage in a circuit carrying an alternating current; the reciprocal of impedance, measured in… …   English World dictionary

• Admittance — L admittance, notée Y, est l inverse de l impédance. Elle se mesure en siemens (S). Elle est définie par : Avec : Y l admittance en S ; Z l impédance en Ω. L impédance étant une résistance complexe, et la conductance G étant l… …   Wikipédia en Français

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