USS Neosho (1863)

USS Neosho (1863)

USS "Neosho" (1863) was a river monitor constructed for the Union Navy during the middle of the American Civil War. She was outfitted with heavy 11-inch guns and used in the Union blockade of the waterways of the Confederate States of America.

Built in Missouri

The first USS "Neosho", a single-turreted, wooden-hulled, river monitor protected by iron plate armor, was laid down in mid 1862 by James B. Eads at his Union Iron Works, Carondelet, Mo.; launched 18 February 1863; commissioned at Cairo, Il. 13 May 1863, Commander John C. Febiger in command, and completed 1 July 1863. "Neosho" was named after a river flowing in Kansas and Oklahoma.

Civil War service

"Neosho" and her sister "Osage" were the first of Eads’ river warships to employ the “turtleback” design which became his hallmark and were the only monitors to be propelled by stern wheels. Their shallow draft made them extremely useful in the riverine warfare to come.

Mississippi River operations

"Neosho" departed Cairo 14 July 1863, and reached Vicksburg 6 August, just over a month after that Confederate river fortress had finally fallen to the combined land and Naval attacks. Nevertheless, much work remained for the Union Navy in order to hold the mighty Mississippi River system which it had so dearly won.Confederate cavalry raiders and flying batteries would appear at unexpected points along the Mississippi and its tributaries and attempt to sever Union lines of supply and communication. "Neosho" and sister river warships tirelessly patrolled the Mississippi and its tributaries clearing riverbanks and levees of Southern raiders. On 8 December 1863, a Confederate shore battery attacked and disabled merchant steamer "Henry Von Phul"; "Neosho" and "Signal" steamed up to defend the ship and silenced the battery.

Red River operations

From 12 March to 22 May 1864, "Neosho" participated in Rear Admiral David Porter's Red River expedition which, while failing to achieve its purpose of establishing a Union power base in Texas, nevertheless, demonstrated the Navy’s great imagination, determination, and ingenuity in safely withdrawing its ships over dangerous shallows, when bereft of necessary Army support.

Post-war decommissioning

"Neosho" decommissioned at Mound City, Illinois, 23 July 1865 and remained in ordinary. Renamed "Vixen" 15 June 1869 and again renamed "Osceola" 2 August 1869, the monitor was sold at Mound City, Illinois, to David Campbell 17 August 1873.

References

See also

* United States Navy
* American Civil War
* Confederate States Navy

External links

* [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-n/neosho.htm USS Neosho (1863-1873)]


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