Symphony in Three Movements (Stravinsky)

The Symphony in Three Movements is a work by Russian expatriate composer Igor Stravinsky. Stravinsky wrote the symphony from 1942–45 on commission by the Philharmonic Symphony Society of New York. It was premièred by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra under Stravinsky on January 24, 1946.

The Symphony in Three Movements is considered as Stravinsky's first major composition after emigrating to the United States [Michael Oliver, "Igor Stravinsky" (London: Phaidon Press Ltd, 1995), p. 152.] . It uses material written by Stravinsky for aborted projects and is in a style reminiscent of his "enfant terrible" period, when composing music for producer Serge Diaghilev.Fact|date=April 2008

In 1943, Stravinsky had begun work on rescoring his "enfant terrible" ballet "The Rite of Spring." Although the project was left incomplete, his revisit to this earlier composition appears to have influenced the symphony. The symphony is violent and highly rhythmic while maintaining a neoclassical organization [Eric Walter White, "Stravinsky: The Composer and his Works," 2nd edition (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979), p. 435.] .

A typical performance of the symphony lasts 20-25 minutes:
# "Overture; Allegro" (about 10 minutes)
# "Andante; Interlude: L'istesso tempo" (about 6 minutes)
# "Con moto" (about 6 minutes)

Stravinsky, who rarely acknowledged outside inspirations for his music, referred to the composition as his 'war symphony' [Charles M. Joseph, "Stravinsky Inside Out" (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 120.] . He claimed the symphony as a direct response to events of the Second World War in both Europe and Asia. The first movement was inspired by a documentary on Japanese scorched earth tactics in China. The third movement deals with footage of German soldiers goosestepping and the allied forces' mounting success [Michael Oliver, "Igor Stravinsky" (London: Phaidon Press Ltd, 1995), pp.152, 154-6.] .

Material is drawn from projects that Stravinsky had abandoned or reorganized. The pianoforte's presence in the first movement stems from a piano concerto that was left incomplete. Music for harp is prominent in the second movement, using themes for a film adaptation of Franz Werfel's novel "The Song of Bernadette". Stravinsky was considered for this project but it was later assigned to Bernard Herrmann. The third movement unites the first two movements by giving equal emphasis to piano and harp [Eric Walter White, "Stravinsky: The Composer and his Works," 2nd edition (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979), p. 429.] .

In contrast to Stravinsky's earlier "Symphony in C", the "Symphony in Three Movements" is much more turbulent and chromatic. While the "Symphony in C" is based on abstract ideas, his later symphony makes use of pressing social concerns. From a purely musical standpoint, the Symphony harkens back to Stravinsky's earlier styles of composition while an outstanding achievement of neoclassicism [Eric Walter White, "Stravinsky: The Composer and his Works," 2nd edition (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979), p. 435.] .

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