Labetalol

Labetalol
Labetalol
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(RS)-2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
Clinical data
Trade names Trandate
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a685034
Pregnancy cat. C
One of few drugs used for PIH
Legal status Prescription only
Routes oral iv
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 90-100%
Protein binding 50%
Metabolism hepatic pass metabolism,
Half-life Tablet: 6-8 hours; IV: 5.5 hours
Excretion Excreted in urine, not removed by hemodialysis
Identifiers
CAS number 36894-69-6 YesY
ATC code C07AG01
PubChem CID 3869
DrugBank APRD01062
ChemSpider 3734 YesY
UNII R5H8897N95 YesY
KEGG D08106 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:6343 N
ChEMBL CHEMBL429 YesY
Chemical data
Formula C19H24N2O3 
Mol. mass 328.406 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
 N(what is this?)  (verify)

Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate, fixed combination with hydrochlorothiazide: Normozyde) is a mixed alpha/beta adrenergic antagonist, which is used to treat high blood pressure.[1]

Contents

Indications

It has a particular indication in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension which is commonly associated with pre-eclampsia.[2]

It is also used to treat chronic and acute hypertension of pheochromocytoma and hypertensive crisis.[3]

Administration

Labetalol is available in 100, 200, and 300 mg tablets and intravenously (only as Trandate) in 5 mg/ml solution. Adults taking tablets usually start with 100 mg twice daily, with a maximum of 2.4 g/day. In cases of emergency dosage might be higher. IV doses are usually started at 20 mg over 2 minutes. Additional doses of 40 mg, then 80 mg may be administered every ten minutes as needed. Additional 80 mg doses can be given to a total maximum dose of 300 mg. Additionally, labetalol can be administered by IV infusion at a rate of 2 mg/minute, with a maximum dose of 300 mg.

Side effects

Side effects may include:

Contraindications

Labetalol has relative contraindications for use in patients with asthma, congestive heart failure, any degree of heart block, bradycardia, or those in cardiogenic shock.

Chemistry

For adrenergic agents, when the substituent on the amine nitrogen is greater in size than a t-butyl group, then the molecule typically is found to have receptor affinity without intrinsic activity, and is therefore an antagonist.[5] Labetalol has two chiral carbons and therefore exists as four stereoisomers.[6]. Two of these isomers, the (S,S)- and (R,S)- forms are inactive. The third, the (S,R)-isomer, is a powerful α1 blocker. The fourth isomer, the (R,R)-isomer, is a mixed nonselective β blocker and selective α1 blocker.

Labetolol acts by blocking alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, resulting in decreased peripheral vascular resistance without significant alteration of heart rate or cardiac output. The β:α antagonism of labetalol is approximately 3:1.[3][7]

Labetalol, 2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[(1-methyl-3-phenylpropanol)amino)]ethyl] benzamide is synthesized by the N-alkylation of N-benzyl-N(4-phenyl-2-butyl)amine 5-bromacetylsalicylamide and forming the aminoketone, which is further debenzylated by hydrogen using a palladium–platinum on carbon catalyst into labetalol. Presumably the ketone is also reduced in this last step.

Labetalol synthesis.png
  • H.C. Welch, DE 2032642  (1971).
  • L.H.C. Lunts, D.T. Collin, U.S. Patent 4,012,444 (1977).
  • Clifton, J. E.; Collins, I.; Hallett, P.; Hartley, D.; Lunts, L. H. C.; Wicks, P. D. (1982). "Arylethanolamines derived from salicylamide with .alpha.- and .beta.-adrenoceptor blocking activities. Preparation of labetalol, its enantiomers and related salicylamides". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 25 (6): 670. doi:10.1021/jm00348a013. PMID 6124636.  edit

References

  1. ^ Fahed S, Grum DF, Papadimos TJ (2008). "Labetalol infusion for refractory hypertension causing severe hypotension and bradycardia: an issue of patient safety". Patient Saf Surg 2: 13. doi:10.1186/1754-9493-2-13. PMC 2429901. PMID 18505576. http://www.pssjournal.com/content/2//13. 
  2. ^ http://www.bnf.org/bnf/bnf/56/2488.htm?q=%22labetalol%22
  3. ^ a b Katzung, Bertram G. (2006). Basic and clinical pharmacology. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 170. ISBN 0-07-145153-6. 
  4. ^ Shiohara T, Kano Y (2007). "Lichen planus and lichenoid dermatoses". In Bolognia JL. Dermatology. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 161. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0. 
  5. ^ Medicinal Chemistry of Adrenergics and Cholinergics
  6. ^ Riva E, Mennini T, Latini R (December 1991). "The alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking activities of labetalol and its RR-SR (50:50) stereoisomers". Br. J. Pharmacol. 104 (4): 823–8. PMC 1908821. PMID 1687367. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1908821. 
  7. ^ D A Richards, J Tuckman, and B N Prichard (October 1976). "Assessment of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking actions of labetalol". Br J Clin Pharmacol 3 (5): 849–855. PMC 1428931. PMID 9968. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1428931. 

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Labetalol — Nombre (IUPAC) sistemático (RS) 2 hydroxy 5 {1 hydroxy 2 [(1 methyl 3 phenylpropyl)amino]ethyl}benzamide …   Wikipedia Español

  • labetalol — noun antihypertensive drug (trade names Trandate and Normodyne) that blocks alpha and beta adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system (leading to a decrease in blood pressure) • Syn: ↑labetalol hydrochloride, ↑Trandate, ↑Normodyne •… …   Useful english dictionary

  • labetalol clorhidrato — Fármaco antihipertensivo con propiedades alfa y betabloqueantes. Diccionario Mosby Medicina, Enfermería y Ciencias de la Salud, Ediciones Hancourt, S.A. 1999 …   Diccionario médico

  • labetalol hydrochloride — An α adrenergic and β adrenergic blocking agent used in the treatment of hypertension. * * * the hydrochloride salt of labetalol, used in the treatment of hypertension; administered orally or intravenously …   Medical dictionary

  • labetalol hydrochloride — noun antihypertensive drug (trade names Trandate and Normodyne) that blocks alpha and beta adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system (leading to a decrease in blood pressure) • Syn: ↑labetalol, ↑Trandate, ↑Normodyne • Hypernyms:… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Labetalol — ЛАБЕТАЛОЛ ( Lаbetalol )*. 5 [1 Окси 2 [(1 метил) 3 фенилпропил) амино]этил]салициламид, или 2 гидрокси 5 [1 гидрокси] 2 [(1 метил 3 фенил пропил) амино] этил] бензамид (гидрохлорид). Cинонимы: Abetol, Albetol, Amipress, Ipolab, Labetol, Labrocol …   Словарь медицинских препаратов

  • labetalol — /leuh bet euh lawl , lol /, n. Pharm. an alpha and beta adrenergic blocking agent, C19H24N2O3, used in the treatment of hypertension. [prob. la , inversion of al(pha) + beta + l of uncert. deriv. + OL1] * * * …   Universalium

  • labetalol — noun A mixed alpha/beta adrenergic antagonist, which is used to treat high blood pressure …   Wiktionary

  • labetalol — la·bet·a·lol lə bet ə .lȯl, .lōl n a beta adrenergic blocking agent used in the form of its hydrochloride C19H24O3·HCl to treat hypertension * * * n. a combined alpha and beta blocking drug, sometimes found to be more effective in the treatment… …   Medical dictionary

  • labetalol — n. a combined alpha and beta blocking drug, sometimes found to be more effective in the treatment of high blood pressure than beta blockers. It is administered by mouth or intravenously. Possible side effects include faintness on standing up,… …   The new mediacal dictionary

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