LGBT rights in Utah

LGBT rights in Utah
LGBT rights in Utah
Utah (USA)
Utah (USA)
Same-sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 2003 (see below)
Penalty:
 Was a Class B misdemeanor and punishable by up to six months in jail and up to a $1,000 fine
Gender identity/expression None (several state entities and political subdivisions provide protections) (see below)
Recognition of
relationships		 None (several state entities and political subdivisions provide protections) (see below)
Restrictions:
 Utah Constitution, Art. 1, Sec. 29 (2004) limits marriage to the legal union between a man and a woman, and restricts unmarried domestic unions
Adoption None (see below)
Military service Gays and lesbians may serve openly after September 20, 2011
Discrimination protections None (several state entities and political subdivisions provide protections) (see below)

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Utah experience some legal challenges which are not experienced by non-LGBT people. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in the state, but same-sex couples and the families that they head are ineligible for the protections that are available to opposite-sex couples. Most LGBT people in the state are protected against employment and housing discrimination. Most LGBT students in the state are protected against higher-education discrimination.

Contents

Law regarding same-sex sexual activity

The Utah sodomy law (Utah Code Section 76-5-403) criminalized same-sex sexual activity until 2003 when the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated all state sodomy laws with its landmark 6 to 3 opinion about Lawrence vs. Texas. The opinion stated that private consensual sexual conduct is protected by the due process and equal protection rights that are guaranteed by the Constitution for the United States of America.

The state sodomy law applied to heterosexuality and homosexuality as a Class B misdemeanor, and provided punishment of up to six months in jail and up to a $1,000 fine.

Openly gay Utah Sen. Scott McCoy, D-Salt Lake, sponsored the bill S.B. 169 "Sodomy Amendments" unsuccessfully in 2007. The bill would have amended the state sodomy law by repealing its unconstitutional parts. The bill failed without consideration.[1] The law remains published in the Utah Code.[2]

After lobbying in 2011 by gay activist David Nelson, the Utah Department of Public Safety amended its administrative rule which restricted the issuance of the state concealed-firearm permit to individuals who were ever convicted of violating the state sodomy law.[3]

Recognition of same-sex relationships

Marriage

In response to the 1993 Baehr v. Miike court case on same-sex marriage in Hawaii, Utah Rep. Norm L. Nielsen, R-Utah, sponsored the bill H.B. 366 "Recognition of Marriages" successfully in 1995. The law prohibits state recognition of same-sex marriages which are performed in other states and nations. It was the first such law in the United States.[4]

Utah voters approved the ballot referendum Utah Constitutional Amendment 3 in 2004 to define marriage as the legal union between a man and a woman, and restricts unmarried domestic unions. The referendum was approved by a margin of 65.8 percent to 33.2 percent.[5]

An opinion poll which was conducted in 2010 by Columbia University found that Utah ranks last among all states in support of same-sex marriage. With 22 percent of respondents who favor the idea, the rate of support increased 10 percent since 1994-1996.[6]

Adoption and parenting

Utah Rep. Nora B. Stephens, R-Davis, sponsored the bill H.B. 103 Third Substitute "Amendments to Child Welfare" successfully in 1998. The law requires state agencies to give adoption priority to married couples and to prohibit adoptions by cohabitating unmarried couples. Openly lesbian Utah Rep. Jackie Biskupski, D-Salt Lake, spoke against the bill.[7]

Domestic partnerships

Utah Sen. Greg Bell, R-Davis, sponsored the bill S.B. 89 "Mutual Dependence Benefits Contract" unsuccessfully in 2005. The bill would have provided "for the creation of mutual dependence benefits contracts, which allow two adults, not eligible for marriage, to share certain rights and responsibilities regarding property ownership or health-related matters."[8]

Utah State University administrators planned to create a domestic partnership registry in early 2005, but university legal counsel Craig Simper said it might violate the Utah Constitution. He said that the marriage amendment requires that "no other domestic union may be recognized as a marriage or given the same or substantially equal legal effect." He said that the university "does not want to be the test case and does not intend to be the test case." University Professor Barry Franklin gathered enough petition signatures on November 20, 2005 to raise the issue at the university Faculty Senate of giving domestic-partner benefits to university employees including those who are part of same-sex relationships.[9] Senate members voted on December 5, 2005 to continue researching the matter.[10]

Salt Lake County Councilwoman Jenny Wilson, D-At Large, sponsored a bill unsuccessfully in 2005. The bill would have provided domestic-partner benefits to county-government employees including those who are part of same-sex relationships.[11] Wilson sponsored a similar bill successfully in 2009.[12]

Salt Lake City Mayor Ross C. "Rocky" Anderson signed an executive order in 2005 which provides domestic-partner benefits to city-government employees including those who are part of same-sex relationships. The Arizona-based religious legal-action group called the Alliance Defense Fund sued the city, claiming that the order violated the Utah Constitution. The American Civil Liberties Union joined the city in defending the order saying it protected "the right to be free from discrimination based on their relationships and the right to equal compensation for equal work."[13]

Salt Lake City Council members adopted a bill in 2008 which provides a mutual-commitment registry to "unmarried domestic partners -- gay or straight -- and to other adults in financially dependent relationships, such as a person caring for an aging parent."[14]

Park City School District Board of Education members adopted a policy in 2011 which provides domestic-partner benefits to district employees including those who are part of same-sex relationships.[15] Salt Lake City School District Board of Education members adopted a similar policy several months later.[15]

An opinion poll which was conducted in 2011 by Public Policy Polling found that just 27 percent of Utah voters believed that same-sex marriage should be legal, while 66 percent believed it should be illegal and 7 percent were not sure. A separate question in the survey found that 60 percent of respondents supported legal recognition of same-sex couples, with 23 percent supporting same-sex marriage and 37 percent supporting civil unions, while 39 percent opposed all legal recognition and 1 percent were not sure.[16]

Discrimination protection

Salt Lake City

Utah gay activist David Nelson wrote and lobbied unsuccessfully in 1986 for the adoption of a Salt Lake City Council bill to create a city human-rights commission and to prohibit discrimination -- the first such proposal in Utah.[17][18][19][20]

Nelson lobbied successfully from 1986 to 1987 for the adoption of a Salt Lake City Police Department LGBT sensitivity-training policy -- the first such policy in Utah.[21]

Salt Lake City Council members adopted two bills in 2009 and 2010 which prohibit employment and housing discrimination (except by religious groups) based on sexual orientation or gender identity.[22] LDS Church leaders said before the adoption that they supported the bills and that they could be a model for the rest of the state.[23][24]

University of Utah

University of Utah administrators adopted a policy in 1991 to prohibit employment discrimination including that based on sexual orientation[25] Administrators extended the policy in 1996 to prohibit discrimination in faculty duties, in 1997 to prohibit discrimination in student rights and responsibilities, and in 2009 to prohibit discrimination in student admissions.[26]

Salt Lake County

Utah gay activist David Nelson wrote and lobbied successfully in 1992 for the adoption of a Salt Lake County Commission bill to prohibit discrimination including that based on sexual orientation -- the first such laws in Utah,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and lobbied successfully in 1995 against the repeal of the "marital status" and "sexual orientation" protections.[34][35][36] Leaders of the county Gay and Lesbian Employee Association were critical of Nelson and others who opposed the repeal, and said that he "did not speak for GLEA" "or for any of its members."[37]

Utah

Utah Rep. Christine Johnson, D-Salt Lake, sponsored the bill H.B. 89 "Antidiscrimination Act Amendments" unsuccessfully in 2008. The bill would have prohibited employment discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.[38] She reintroduced the bill unsuccessfully in 2009 and 2010. She also sponsored the bill H.B. 128 "Antidiscrimination Study Related to Employment and Housing" in 2010. The bill would have required a study of employment and housing discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.[39]

Utah Gov. Gary R. Herbert appointed openly gay Brian Doughty in 2011 to replace Utah Rep. Jackie Biskupski, D-Salt Lake, when she resigned from the Utah House of Representatives.[40]

Common Ground Initiative

In response to the adoption in 2008 of California's Proposition 8, Equality Utah leaders launched the group's Common Ground Initiative. The initiative included the introduction of five bills at the Utah Legislature to protect the equal rights of LGBT people in the state. The bills reflected the opinion of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints leaders who had said that they didn't object to the bill protections. Human Rights Campaign leaders delivered 27,000 letters to church leaders in support of the legislation. Church leaders declined to comment on the matter.[41][42] The measures of the initiative failed, some in committee.[43]

In response to the LDS Church statements, Equality Utah leaders lobbied successfully for the adoption of similar bills in 12 counties and cities in the state including: Salt Lake County (population 1,029,655), Salt Lake City (population 186,440), West Valley City (population 129,480), Ogden (population 82,825), Taylorsville (population 57, 439), Logan (population 49,534), Murray (population 46,746), Summit County (population 29,736), Midvale (population 27,029), Grand County (population 8,485), Park City (population 7,731) and Moab (population 4,779).[44]

Hate-crime laws

Utah House of Representatives Democratic Leader Rep. Frank R. Pignanelli, D-Salt Lake, sponsored the bill H.B. 111 "Hate Crimes Statistics Act" and the bill H.B. 112 "Hate Crimes Penalties -- Civil Rights Violation" successfully in 1992 -- the first such laws in the state. The laws require the state Department of Public Safety to collect and publish statistics about hate crimes which are committed in the state, and provide for an enhanced penalty for the commission of a hate crime. Utah gay activist David Nelson helped write the bills.[45][46][32][47] Attempts were made unsuccessfully from 1992 to 1999 for the adoption of an amendment of the laws.[48][49]

Bullying

Utah Sen. Patrice M. Arent, D-Salt Lake, sponsored the resolution S.C.R. 1 "Resolution Encouraging School Boards to Adopt Policy Prohibiting Bullying" successfully in 2006. The law requires local school-board members to adopt a policy of prohibiting bullying against school students.[50] Utah Rep. Carol Spackman Moss, D-Salt Lake, sponsored the bill H.B. 325 "Bullying and Hazing" successfully in 2008.[51] The law prohibits bullying and hazing against school students. Utah Rep. Ralph Okerlund, R-Sevier, sponsored the bill S.B. 304 "Preventing Bullying and Hazing in Elementary and Secondary Schools" successfully in 2011. The law improved the prohibition of bullying and hazing against school students.[52]

Gender-identity protections

Utah Rep. Carl Wimmer, R-Salt Lake, sponsored the bill H.B. 225 "Driver License Amendments" unsuccessfully in 2009. The bill would have provided that "if a person requests to change the sex designation on a driver license or identification card, the Driver License Division shall issue a duplicate driver license or new identification card upon receiving: an application and fee for a duplicate driver license or identification card; and written verification from a licensed physician that the applicant has undergone and completed a sex reassignment surgery."[53]

Utah Driver License Division employees denied mistreatment of a transgender woman was required to remove her makeup before she could be photographed for a new state identification card in 2011. A witness said that the employees appeared to be making fun of the transgender woman. The woman was invited to meet with the division director.[54][55]

Student clubs

Provo High School students created a gay-straight alliance in 2005. Provo, Utah is considered one of the most conservative cities in the state. In response, some residents asked the Provo School District Board of Education to shut down the group. However, the board members concluded it would violate federal law to do so, and instead created a new policy requiring parental signatures to join any school clubs.[56][57]

Other laws

Utah Rep. Pete Suazo sponsored the bill H.B. 69 "Purchse of Insurance Proceeds" successfully in 1994. The law helps terminally ill Utahns, including those with HIV/AIDS, by allowing them to sell their life insurance before they died to pay for end-of-life care and other needs.[58]

See also

Portal icon LGBT portal
Portal icon Politics portal
Portal icon Utah portal

References

  1. ^ "S.B. 169: Sodomy amendments -- McCoy, S.". Utah Legislature: Bills 2007. Utah Legislature. 2007-03-13. http://le.utah.gov/~2007/htmdoc/sbillhtm/sb0169.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  2. ^ "Utah Code: Section 76-5-403". Utah Legislature: Code. Utah Legislature. 2007. http://le.utah.gov/~code/TITLE76/htm/76_05_040300.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  3. ^ "Utah gun rule removes sodomy restriction". QSaltLake (Salt Lake City: Salt Lick Publishing LLC): pp. OL. 2011-01-17. http://www.qsaltlake.com/2011/01/17/5318. Retrieved 2011-08-27. 
  4. ^ Eskridge, William; Hunter, Nan (2004). Sexuality, gender, and the law. Foundation Press. p. 1090. 
  5. ^ Walsh, Rebecca (2004-11-05). "Shurtleff confident he can defend Amendment 3". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.). http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=2436585&itype=NGPSID&keyword=constitution&sdate=2004-11-04&edate=2004-11-10&qtype=exact. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  6. ^ Gelman, Andrew; Jeffrey Lax and Justin Phillips (2010-08-21). "Over time, a gay marriage groundswell". The New York Times (New York: The New York Times Co.). http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/weekinreview/22gay.html. Retrieved 2011-01-11. 
  7. ^ Harrie, Dan (2000-02-24). "House approves bill banning adoption by gays, unmarried couples". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.): pp. A-8. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=100ED3F7432C6B74&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  8. ^ "S.B. 89: Mutual dependence benefits contract -- Bell, G.". Utah Legislature: Bills 2005. Utah Legislature. 2005-03-15. http://www.le.state.ut.us/~2005/htmdoc/sbillhtm/sb0089.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  9. ^ Newton Brunson, Arrin (2005-11-20). "Petition puts gay benefits on USU plate". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.). http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3235801&itype=NGPSID&keyword=Petition+puts+gay+benefits+on+USU+plate&sdate=2005-11-20&edate=2005-11-20&qtype=exact. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  10. ^ Newton Brunson, Arrin (2005-12-06). "USU Senate plans an open discussion on partner benefits". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.). http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3282371&itype=NGPSID&keyword=USU+Senate+plans+an+open+discussion+on+partner+benefits+&sdate=2005-12-06&edate=2005-12-06&qtype=exact. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  11. ^ Jensen, Derek P. (2005-07-13). "Partner benefits turned down". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.). http://www.sltrib.com/utah/ci_2855193. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  12. ^ Stettler, Jeremiah (2009-02-19). "Wilson's benefits push: A profile of persistence if not courage". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.). http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_11744617. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  13. ^ "SLC begins signup for domestic partner benefits". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.): pp. C-3. 2005-11-02. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10DA77F6A2159218&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  14. ^ May, Heather (2005-11-02). "First couple signs up for SLC 'mutual-commitment' partnership registry". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.). http://www.sltrib.com/News/ci_8957918. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  15. ^ a b Winters, Rosemary (2011-05-04). "Salt Lake City schools to offer benefits to same-sex partners". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.). http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/51751936-78/district-employees-lake-salt.html.csp. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  16. ^ Jensen, Tom (2011-07-21). "Utah opposes same-sex marriage, but not all recognition". News Release. Public Policy Polling. http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Release_UT_0721.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-21. 
  17. ^ Williams, Ben (2005-11-01). "Lambda lore: This week in lambda history". QSaltLake (Salt Lake City: Salt Lick Publishing LLC). http://www.qsaltlake.com/2005/23/lambdalore.shtml. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  18. ^ "Minutes of the regular/briefing session". Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah. Salt Lake City Corp.. 1986-07-08. http://www.slcinfobase.com/FormalMinutes_1982-2010/default.htm?turl=WordDocuments%2Fjuly81986.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  19. ^ "Agenda of the Committee of the Whole". Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah. Salt Lake City Corp.. 1986-11-06. http://www.slcinfobase.com/COW%5FAgendas%5F1985%2D2010/WordDocuments/november61986.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  20. ^ "Minutes of the Committee of the Whole". Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah. Salt Lake City Corp.. 1986-11-06. http://www.slcinfobase.com/COW_Minutes_1984-2010/default.htm?turl=WordDocuments%2Fnovember61986.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  21. ^ "Minutes of the Committee of the Whole". Proceedings of the City Council of Salt Lake City, Utah. Salt Lake City Corp.. 1987-01-22. http://www.slcinfobase.com/COW_Minutes_1984-2010/default.htm?turl=WordDocuments%2Fjanuary221987.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  22. ^ "Landmark moment". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC). 2009-11-12. http://www.sltrib.com/opinion/ci_13770813. Retrieved 2011-07-21. 
  23. ^ Otterson, Michael (2010-01-01). "Statement given to Salt Lake City Council on nondiscrimination ordinances". News Release. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. http://newsroom.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/news-releases-stories/statement-given-to-salt-lake-city-council-on-nondiscrimination-ordinances. Retrieved 2011-07-21. 
  24. ^ Winters, Rosemary; Peggy Fletcher Stack (2009-11-11). "LDS apostle: SLC gay-rights measures could work for state". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC). http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_13766464. Retrieved 2011-07-21. 
  25. ^ "Policy 5-106: Equal opportunity and nondiscrimination employment". University of Utah Regulations. University of Utah. 1991-10-28. http://www.regulations.utah.edu/humanResources/5-106.html. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  26. ^ "Discrimination, diversity, & harassment in academic environment". Academic Policies. University of Utah. http://www.regulations.utah.edu/academics/guides/discrimination.html. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  27. ^ "S.L. County may outlaw anti-gay bias". Deseret News (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co.): pp. B-1. 1992-09-29. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F3605E5E761AEAE&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  28. ^ Swensen, Sherrie (1992-09-30). Minute Book. Board of County Commissioners. 1992. Salt Lake City: Salt Lake County, Utah. pp. 1854-1858. http://archives.slco.org/html/commission.html. 
  29. ^ KTVX Television (1992-09-30). [About Salt Lake County Commission adopting non-discrimination bills] (Television news report). Salt Lake City: United Television Inc.. 
  30. ^ Lindsley, Hank (1992-10-01). "Salt Lake County affirms minority protection act similar to U. policy". The Daily Utah Chronicle (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Publications Council): pp. 1. 
  31. ^ Costanzo, Joe (1992-10-01). "Fight over measure 'just beginning'". Deseret News (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co.): pp. B-1. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7R0PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=24QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6296,207459&dq=fight-over-measure-just-beginning&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  32. ^ a b Jorgensen, Chris (1992-12-05). "Gays say new law still falls short". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.): pp. B-1. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10113C6C3282AC14&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  33. ^ Grossman, Steve; Gov. Roy Romer (1998-09-26). 1998 Lawrence O'Brien Awards: Recognizing Democratic Party achievement. Washington: Democratic National Committee. pp. 22. 
  34. ^ Baltezore, Jay (1995-07-18). "S.L. County hiring plan angers gays". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.): pp. C-1. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=102D3B1D7022BB91&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  35. ^ Adams, Brooke (1995-07-18). "S.L. County may leave half of discrimination law as is". Deseret New (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co.): pp. B-1. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F360D86A9950CDF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  36. ^ Baltezore, Jay (1995-07-20). "S.L. County reaches compromise on anti-discrimination policies". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.): pp. B-2. 
  37. ^ Swensen, Sherrie (1995-07-19). Minute Book. Board of County Commissioners. 1995. Salt Lake City: Salt Lake County, Utah. pp. 1178-1180. http://archives.slco.org/html/commission.html. 
  38. ^ Sanchez, Jennifer W. (2008-01-25). "Lawmakers want to study gay rights measure". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC). http://www.sltrib.com/ci_8078082. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  39. ^ Winters, Rosemary (2010-02-01). "Some wonder why Utah lawmakers backed off on gay-rights bills". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC). http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_14313084. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  40. ^ "Doughty sworn in to fill Biskupski vacancy in Utah House of Representatives". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC). 2011-07-20. http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/politics/52228988-90/biskupski-doughty-utah-fill.html.csp. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  41. ^ Winters, Rosemary (2008-12-23). "27,000 letters urge LDS leader to back rights of gay Utahns". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC). 
  42. ^ Falk, Aaron (2008-12-23). "Activists hand-deliver letters to LDS Church". Deseret News (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co.). http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,705272400,00.html. Retrieved 2008-12-24. 
  43. ^ "All 5 LGBT bills die in Utah". 365Gay.com. LogoOnline.com. 2009-02-18. http://www.365gay.com/news/all-5-lgbt-bills-die-in-utah. Retrieved 2011-07-21. 
  44. ^ "Nondiscrimination ordinances". EqualityUtah.org. Equality Utah. 2011. http://www.equalityutah.org/nondiscrimination. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  45. ^ Parker, Douglas (1991-01-22). "Democratic leader wants state to keep track of hate crimes". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.): pp. A-4. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10117799C7A1213B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  46. ^ KTVX Television (1992-01-29). [About Utah Legisature committee considering hate-crime bill] (Television news report). Salt Lake City: United Television Inc.. 
  47. ^ Pignanelli, Frank; LaVarr Webb (2006-07-30). "Political pioneers, then and now, deserve thanks". Deseret Morning News (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co.): pp. G-1. http://www.deseretnews.com/article/640198117/Political-pioneers-then-and-now-deserve-thank.html. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  48. ^ Bernick Jr., Bob (1994-05-22). "Pignanelli hopes to replace never-used hate-crimes law". Deseret News (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co.): pp. A-1. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F360A5713909EF3&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  49. ^ Harrie, Dan (2001-05-10). "Texas action gives pause to Utah hate crimes effort". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC): pp. A-1. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10118B478BDFC835&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-09-05. 
  50. ^ "Schools must address bullying or lose federal money". Deseret News (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Publishing Co.). 2006-07-28. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=113291E7D5153B68&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  51. ^ "H.B. 325 Substitute: Bullying and hazing -- Moss, C.". Utah Legislature: Bills 2008. Utah Legislature. 2008-04-08. http://le.utah.gov/~2008/htmdoc/hbillhtm/HB0325S01.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  52. ^ "S.B. 304: Preventing bullying and hazing in elementary and ssecondary schools -- Okerlund, R.". Utah Legislature: Bills 2011. Utah Legislature. 2011-03-23. http://le.utah.gov/~2011/htmdoc/sbillhtm/SB0304.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-07. 
  53. ^ "H.B. 225: Driver license amendments -- Wimmer, C.". Utah Legislature: Bills 2009. Utah Legislature. 2009-03-13. http://le.utah.gov/~2009/htmdoc/hbillhtm/hb0225.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  54. ^ Winters, Rosemary (2011-03-30). "Driver license incident sparks cry for transgender education". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC). http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/blogslgbt/51532997-61/transgender-center-utah-anderton.html.csp. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  55. ^ Winters, Rosemary (2011-03-31). "Transgender woman meets with driver license director". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC). http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/blogslgbt/51542380-61/audette-transgender-rolfe-woman.html.csp. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  56. ^ McFarland, Sheena (2005-10-12). "Provo schools could allow gay-straight clubs". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC). http://www.sltrib.com/utah/ci_3107871. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  57. ^ Winters, Rosemary (2010-12-20). "Gay student clubs blossoming in Utah". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune LLC). http://www.sltrib.com/csp/cms/sites/sltrib/pages/printerfriendly.csp?id=50845394. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  58. ^ Harrie, Dan (1994-03-14). "Leavitt faces decision on veto of viaticals". The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City: Kearns-Tribune Corp.). http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SLTB&p_theme=sltb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1010E723203CA26A&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-06-14. 

External links

v · d · ePart of a series on LGBT rights in the United States
By entity
Alabama  · Alaska  · Arizona  · Arkansas  · California  · Colorado  · Connecticut  · Delaware  · Florida  · Georgia  · Hawaii  · Idaho  · Illinois  · Indiana  · Iowa  · Kansas  · Kentucky  · Louisiana  · Maine  · Maryland  · Massachusetts  · Michigan  · Minnesota  · Mississippi  · Missouri  · Montana  · Nebraska  · Nevada  · New Hampshire  · New Jersey  · New Mexico  · New York  · North Carolina  · North Dakota  · Ohio  · Oklahoma  · Oregon  · Pennsylvania  · Rhode Island  · South Carolina  · South Dakota  · Tennessee  · Texas  · Utah  · Vermont  · Virginia  · Washington  · West Virginia  · Wisconsin  · Wyoming
Insular area
American Samoa · District of Columbia · Puerto Rico
United States
By type
Same-sex unions (Marriage · Civil union · Domestic partnership (by municipal areas)) · Sexual orientation and the United States military (Don't ask, don't tell · 2010 repeal)
Nationwide
precedents
See also

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • LGBT rights in Alabama — Alabama (USA) Same sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 2003 (Lawrence v. Texas) Prior to 2003, illegal, all sexes; misdemeanor punishable by up 1 year imprisonment and $2000 fine …   Wikipedia

  • LGBT rights in New Hampshire — New Hampshire (USA) Same sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 1975 Gender identity/expression Transsexual persons may …   Wikipedia

  • LGBT rights in Michigan — Michigan (USA) Same sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 2003 (Lawrence v. Texas) Gender identity/expression …   Wikipedia

  • LGBT rights in Ohio — Ohio (USA) Same sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 1974 Gender identity/expression …   Wikipedia

  • LGBT rights in Wyoming — Wyoming (USA) Same sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 1977 Gender identity/expression …   Wikipedia

  • LGBT rights in West Virginia — West Virginia (USA) Same sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 1976 Gender identity/expression …   Wikipedia

  • LGBT rights in Louisiana — Louisiana (US) Same sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 2003 (Lawrence v. Texas) Gender identity/expression …   Wikipedia

  • LGBT rights in American Samoa — American Samoa (USA) Same sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 1889 Recognition of relationships None Discrimination pr …   Wikipedia

  • LGBT rights in Delaware — Delaware (USA) Same sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 1973 Gender identity/expression No …   Wikipedia

  • Socialism and LGBT rights — [ thumb|right|150px|Qiu Jin (1875 1907), Chinese left wing revolutionary cross dresser.] While gay rights is seen by many in the western world today as a left wing political issue, sexual minorities and gender variant people do not belong as a… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”