- Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the directed degradation ("digestion") of
protein s by cellularenzyme s calledprotease s or by intramolecular digestion.Purposes
Proteolysis is used by the cell for several purposes. They include:
* Removal ofN-terminal methionine residues after translation.
* Removal of the signal sequence of peptides after their transport through a membrane
* Separation of viral proteins that were translated from apolycistronic mRNA
* Digestion of proteins from foods as a source ofamino acid s
* Conversion of predecessor-proteins (proenzyme s,zymogen s,prehormone s) into their final structures.
* Degradation ofcyclins at different stages of thecell cycle .Proteolysis is also used in research and diagnostic applications:
*In-gel digestion ofproteins after separation bygel electrophoresis for the identification bymass spectrometry .
* Digestion of proteins in solution for proteome analysis byLC-MS .Examples
Examples of serine proteases include:
*trypsin
*chymotrypsin
*elastase Venoms
Certain venoms, such as those produced by venomous
snake s, can also cause proteolysis. These venoms are, in fact, highly-evolved digestive fluids that begin their work outside of the body. Proteolytic venoms cause a wide range of toxic effectsHayes WK. 2005. [http://www.llu.edu/llu/grad/natsci/hayes/research-c-venom.html?PHPSESSID=55842bf3eeb83dcdfec66c45b91925fc Research on Biological Roles and Variation of Snake Venoms.] Loma Linda University.] , including effects that are:
* cytotoxic (cell-destroying)
* hemotoxic (blood-destroying)
* myotoxic (muscle-destroying)
* hemorrhagic (bleeding)ee also
*
Proteasome
*In-gel digestion References
External links
*
* [http://www.proteolysis.org/ Proteolysis MAP from Center on Proteolytic Pathways]
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Proteolysis — Pro te*ol y*sis, n. [NL. See {Proteolytic}.] (Physiol. Chem.) The digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
proteolysis — [prōt΄ē äl′ə sis] n. [ModL: see PROTEIN & LYSIS] Biochem. the breaking down of proteins, as by gastric juices, to form simpler substances proteolytic [prōt΄ēō lit′ik] adj … English World dictionary
proteolysis — proteolytic /proh tee euh lit ik/, adj. /proh tee ol euh sis/, n. Biochem. the breaking down of proteins into simpler compounds, as in digestion. [1875 80; proteo (comb. form repr. PROTEIN) + LYSIS] * * * Process in which a protein is broken down … Universalium
proteolysis — Cleavage of proteins by proteases. Limited proteolysis occurs where proteins are functionally modified (activated in the case of zymogens) by highly specific proteases … Dictionary of molecular biology
proteolysis — proteolizė statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Hidrolizinis baltymų skaidymas iki aminorūgščių. atitikmenys: angl. proteolysis rus. протеолиз … Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
proteolysis — noun Etymology: New Latin Date: 1880 the hydrolysis of proteins or peptides with formation of simpler and soluble products … New Collegiate Dictionary
proteolysis — noun The hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids; especially as part of the digestion of food … Wiktionary
proteolysis — The decomposition of protein; primarily via the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, both enzymatically and nonenzymatically. [proteo + G. lysis, dissolution] * * * pro·te·ol·y·sis .prōt ē äl ə səs n, pl y·ses .sēz the hydrolysis of proteins or peptides… … Medical dictionary
proteolysis — prəʊtɪ É‘lÉ™sɪs / É’l n. dissolution of proteins, breaking down of proteins … English contemporary dictionary
proteolysis — [ˌprəʊtɪ ɒlɪsɪs] noun Biochemistry the breakdown of proteins or peptides into amino acids by the action of enzymes. Derivatives proteolytic adjective proteolytically adverb … English new terms dictionary