Activities of daily living

Activities of daily living

Contents

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) is a term used in healthcare to refer to daily self-care activities within an individual's place of residence, in outdoor environments, or both. Health professionals routinely refer to the ability or inability to perform ADLs as a measurement of the functional status of a person, particularly in regards to people with disabilities and the elderly.[1]

ADLs are defined as "the things we normally do...such as feeding ourselves, bathing, dressing, grooming, work, homemaking, and leisure."[2] A number of national surveys collect data on the ADL status of the U.S. population.[3] While basic categories of ADLs have been suggested, what specifically constitutes a particular ADL in a particular environment for a particular person may vary.

Basic ADLs

Basic ADLs (BADLs) consist of self-care tasks, including:[4]

  • Personal hygiene and grooming
  • Dressing and undressing
  • Self feeding
  • Functional transfers (Getting from bed to wheelchair, getting onto or off of toilet, etc.)
  • Bowel and bladder management
  • Ambulation (Walking without use of use of an assistive device (walker, cane, or crutches) or using a wheelchair)

Instrumental ADLs

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are not necessary for fundamental functioning, but they let an individual live independently in a community:[5]

  • Housework
  • Taking medications as prescribed
  • Managing money
  • Shopping for groceries or clothing
  • Use of telephone or other form of communication
  • Using technology (as applicable)
  • Transportation within the community

Occupational therapists often evaluate IADLs when completing patient assessments. Assessments may include 11 types of IADLs that are generally optional in nature and can be delegated to others:[6]

  • Care of others (including selecting and supervising caregivers)
  • Care of pets
  • Child rearing
  • Use of communication devices
  • Community mobility
  • Financial management
  • Health management and maintenance
  • Meal preparation and cleanup
  • Safety procedures and emergency responses

Evaluation of ADLs

There are several evaluation tools, such as the Katz ADL scale[7] and the Lawton IADL scale.[8]

Most models of health care service use ADL evaluations in their practice, including the medical (or institutional) models, such as the Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing, and the resident-centered models, such as the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE).

See also

References

  1. ^ "Activities of Daily Living Evaluation." Encyclopedia of Nursing & Allied Health. ed. Kristine Krapp. Gale Group, Inc., 2002. eNotes.com. 2006.Enotes Nursing Encyclopedia Accessed on: 11 Oct, 2007
  2. ^ MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary
  3. ^ National Center for Health Statistics
  4. ^ McDowell, I., and Newell, C. (1996). Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires, 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press
  5. ^ Bookman, A., Harrington, M., Pass, L., & Reisner, E. (2007). Family Caregiver Handbook. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  6. ^ "Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process." American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56, 609-637
  7. ^ Katz ADL scale
  8. ^ Lawton IADL scale

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Activities of Daily Living — (ADL, ADLs) n. activities ordinarily performed day by day by the average person in a society, personal care activities of average person essential for everyday living (such as eating, dressing, bathing and other personal care activities) …   English contemporary dictionary

  • Activities of daily living — Der Begriff Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens (ATL, engl. activities of daily living; ADL) kann folgende Bedeutungen haben: ein pflegewissenschaftliches Modell von Liliane Juchli als Kriterien verschiedener Assessmentinstrumente activities of… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • activities of daily living — ADL. The tasks of everyday life. These activities include eating, dressing, getting into or out of a bed or chair, taking a bath or shower, and using the toilet. Instrumental activities of daily living are activities related to independent living …   English dictionary of cancer terms

  • activities of daily living — (ADL) basic tasks, such as bathing and eating, routinely performed daily by the average person in a given society; rehabilitation following illness or injury often aims to help patients achieve independence in performing them. See also… …   Medical dictionary

  • Activities of daily living (ADLs) — The things we normally do in daily living including any daily activity we perform for self care (such as feeding ourselves, bathing, dressing, grooming), work, homemaking, and leisure. The ability or inability to perform ADLs can be used as a… …   Medical dictionary

  • instrumental activities of daily living — (IADL) tasks more complex than activities of daily living, such as shopping and preparing meals, that are often performed in the course of a normal day by a person living independently in a community setting …   Medical dictionary

  • Activities of Daily Living - ADL — Routine activities that people tend do everyday without needing assistance. There are six basic ADLs: eating, bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring (walking) and continence. An individual s ability to perform ADLs is important for… …   Investment dictionary

  • ADLs (activities of daily living) — The things we normally do in daily living including any daily activity we perform for self care (such as feeding ourselves, bathing, dressing, grooming), work, homemaking, and leisure. The ability or inability to perform ADLs can be used as a… …   Medical dictionary

  • Assisted living — residences or assisted living facilities (ALFs) provide supervision or assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs); coordination of services by outside health care providers; and monitoring of resident activities to help to ensure their… …   Wikipedia

  • Living history — is an activity that incorporates historical tools, activities and dress into an interactive presentation that seeks to give observers and participants a sense of stepping back in time. Although it does not necessarily seek to reenact a specific… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”