Granin

Granin
Granin (chromogranin or secretogranin)
PDB 1n2y EBI.jpg
Structure of SS-cyclized catestatin fragment from chromogranin A.[1]
Identifiers
Symbol Granin
Pfam PF01271
InterPro IPR001990
PROSITE PDOC00365
SCOP 1cfk

Granin (chromogranin and secretogranin) is a protein family of regulated secretory proteins ubiquitously found in the cores of amine and peptide hormone and neurotransmitter dense-core secretory vesicles.[2]

Contents

Function

Granins (chromogranins or secretogranins) are acidic proteins and are present in the secretory granules of a wide variety of endocrine and neuro-endocrine cells. The exact function(s) of these proteins is not yet settled but there is evidence that granins function as pro-hormones, giving rise to an array of peptide fragments for which autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activities have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The intracellular biochemistry of granins includes binding of Ca2+, ATP and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) within the hormone storage vesicle core. There is also evidence that CgA, and perhaps other granins, regulate the biogenesis of dense-core secretory vesicles and hormone sequestration in neuroendocrine cells.

Structure

Apart from their subcellular location and the abundance of acidic residues (Asp and Glu), these proteins do not share many structural similarities. Only one short region, located in the C-terminal section, is conserved in all these proteins. Chromogranins and secretogranins together share a C-terminal motif, whereas chromogranins A and B share a region of high similarity in their N-terminal section; this region includes two cysteine residues involved in a disulfide bond.

Members

Chromogranins

chromogranin A
(parathyroid secretory protein 1)
Identifiers
Symbol CHGA
Alt. symbols CGA
Entrez 1113
HUGO 1929
OMIM 118910
RefSeq NM_001275
UniProt P10645
Other data
Locus Chr. 14 q32
chromogranin B
(secretogranin 1)
Identifiers
Symbol CHGB
Alt. symbols SCG1
Entrez 1114
HUGO 1930
OMIM 118920
RefSeq NM_001819
UniProt P05060
Other data
Locus Chr. 20 pter-p12


Secretogranins

secretogranin II
(chromogranin C)
Identifiers
Symbol SCG2
Alt. symbols CHGC, SgII
Entrez 7857
HUGO 10575
OMIM 118930
RefSeq NM_003469
UniProt P13521
Other data
Locus Chr. 2 q35-q36
secretogranin III
(FLJ90833)
Identifiers
Symbol SCG3
Alt. symbols SGIII
Entrez 29106
HUGO 13707
OMIM 611796
RefSeq NM_013243
UniProt Q8WXD2
Other data
Locus Chr. 15 q21.3
secretogranin V
(7B2 protein)
Identifiers
Symbol SCG5
Alt. symbols SGNE1
Entrez 6447
HUGO 10816
OMIM 173120
RefSeq NM_003020
UniProt P05408
Other data
Locus Chr. 15 q13-q14


Two other proteins (secretogranin IV and VI) are also proposed to belong to the granins on the basis of their physico-chemical properties.

References

  1. ^ Preece NE, Nguyen M, Mahata M, et al. (April 2004). "Conformational preferences and activities of peptides from the catecholamine release-inhibitory (catestatin) region of chromogranin A". Regul. Pept. 118 (1-2): 75–87. doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2003.10.035. PMID 14759560. 
  2. ^ Huttner WB, Gerdes HH, Rosa P (January 1991). "The granin (chromogranin/secretogranin) family". Trends Biochem. Sci. 16 (1): 27–30. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(91)90012-K. PMID 2053134. 

External links

This article includes text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR001990



Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • GRANIN, DANIEL ALEKSANDROVICH — (pseudonym of D.A. German; 1918– ), Soviet author. Granin, who was born and raised in Petrograd, became an engineer and worked for a number of years at various industrial enterprises. After serving in the Red Army in World War II, he turned to… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Granin — Grạnin,   Daniil Aleksandrowitsch, eigentlich D. A. Gẹrman, russischer Schriftsteller, * Wolyn (Gebiet Kursk) 1. 1. 1919; Ingenieur; behandelt in seinen Romanen und Erzählungen häufig Themen aus dem Leben und der Arbeit von Wissenschaftlern und …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Grànin — pizzico, pochino …   Mini Vocabolario milanese italiano

  • Daniil Granin — Daniil Alexandrovich Granin Даниил Александрович Гранин Born Daniil Alexandrovich German January 1, 1919 (1919 01 01) (age 92) Volyn, Kursk, Russia, USSR Occupation Engineer, Soldier …   Wikipedia

  • Aleksandr Leonovitch Granin — est un personnage de jeu vidéo dans la série Metal Gear. Il fait son apparition dans Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater. Sommaire 1 Bio 2 Caractéristique 3 Voir aussi …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Daniil Alexandrowitsch Granin — (russisch Даниил Александрович Гранин; * 1. Januar 1919 als Daniil Alexandrowitsch German russ. Даниил Александрович Герман in Wolyn, Oblast Kursk, Russland) ist ein russischer bzw. war ein sowjetischer Schriftsteller. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • List of Metal Gear characters — The Metal Gear franchise features a large number of fictional characters. The series canon comprises (not including re releases and remakes) Metal Gear (MG) and Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake (MG2) for the MSX2, Metal Gear Solid (MGS) for the… …   Wikipedia

  • Granine — Aleksandr Leonovitch Granin Aleksandr Leonovitch Granin est un personnage de jeu vidéo dans la série Metal Gear. Il fait son apparition dans Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater. Sommaire 1 Bio 2 Caractéristique 3 Voir aussi …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Metal Gear (weapon) — For the series named after the weapon, see Metal Gear. For the original video game titled Metal Gear, see Metal Gear (video game). From left to right: Metal Gear TX 55, Metal Gear D, and Metal Gear REX. Metal Gear (メタルギア …   Wikipedia

  • Metal Gear (mecha) — Metal Gear es el nombre que reciben los tanques bipedales en la ficticia serie de videojuegos Metal Gear. Los Metal Gear tienen la función principal de servir como plataformas de lanzamiento de armas nucleares, pero cuentan con una movilidad y… …   Wikipedia Español

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”