Palmitoleic acid

Palmitoleic acid
Palmitoleic acid
Identifiers
CAS number 373-49-9 YesY
PubChem 4668
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C16H30O2
Molar mass 254.408
Density 0.894 g/cm³
Melting point

-0.1 °C

 YesY acid (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Palmitoleic acid, or (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH that is a common constituent of the glycerides of human adipose tissue. It is present in all tissues, but generally found in higher concentrations in the liver. It is biosynthesized from palmitic acid by the action of the enzyme delta-9 desaturase.

Contents

Sources

Palmitoleic acid can be abbreviated as 16:1∆9. Dietary sources of palmitoleic acid include a variety of animal oils, vegetable oils, and marine oils. Macadamia oil (Macadamia integrifolia) and sea buckthorn oil (Hippophae rhamnoides) are botanical sources with high concentrations, containing 17%[1] and 40%[2] of palmitoleic acid, respectively.

Breakdown product

A 2001 study proposed that omega-7 unsaturated fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid and vaccenic acid found on the skin surface, were oxidatively decomposed to 2-nonenal, which may be the cause of the phenomenon commonly known as 'old person smell', an odor apparently similar to the smell of old books.[3][4]

Potential dietary and biological effects

In a study examining the effects of diets high in various fatty acids, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL, "bad cholesterol") concentrations were similar with palmitoleic and palmitic acids and significantly higher than with oleic acid.[5] High density lipoprotein (HDL, "good cholesterol") was significantly lower with palmitoleic than with palmitic acid. The study provides evidence that, at least in males with high blood cholesterol, a modest increase in palmitic acid raises LDL cholesterol relative to oleic acid, even when dietary cholesterol is low. Palmitoleic acid behaves like a saturated and not a monounsaturated fatty acid in its effect on LDL cholesterol.

Other preliminary research indicated that palmitoleic acid could have a role as a signaling molecule affecting body weight.[6] This work is consistent with previous observations that palmitoleic acid, among other fatty acids available in the diet, may be used by enzymes affecting fat oxidation.[7] This work led to the possibility that oil types manufactured with high palmitoleic acid content may be useful in combating obesity, a report that received national media attention in Australia in 1995.[8]

References

  1. ^ "Nuts, macadamia nuts, raw". http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts/nut-and-seed-products/3123/2. 
  2. ^ Li, Thomas S. C.; Thomas H. J. Beveridge (2003). Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) : Production and Utilization. Ottawa, Ontario: NRC Research Press. pp. 54–55. ISBN 0-660-19007-9. http://www.ovid.com/site/catalog/Book/2738.jsp?top=2&mid=3&bottom=7&subsection=11. 
  3. ^ S. Haze, Y. Gozu, S. Nakamura, Y. Kohno, K. Sawano, H. Ohta and K. Yamazaki (2001). "2-Nonenal Newly Found in Human Body Odor Tends to Increase with Aging". Journal of Investigative Dermatology 116 (4): 520–524. doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01287.x. PMID 11286617. 
  4. ^ "Smelling Old? Remedies for "Aging Odor" Are Developed". 09-28-2009. http://web-japan.org/trends00/honbun/tj990921.html. 
  5. ^ Nestel P, Clifton P, Noakes M. (1994). "Effects of increasing dietary palmitoleic acid compared with palmitic and oleic acids on plasma lipids of hypercholesterolemic men". Journal of Lipid Research 35 (4): 656–662. PMID 8006520. 
  6. ^ Zelkowitz R (9-19-2008). "Fat molecule fights weight gain". http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2008/919/3?etoc. 
  7. ^ Power, G.W., Cake, M.H. & Newsholme E.A. (1997) The influence of diet on the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 toward a range of acyl CoA esters. Lipids 32: 31-37
  8. ^ "Fat and Slimy" 7.30 Report, Australian Broadcasting Commission November 1995

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • palmitoleic acid — palmitoleino rūgštis statusas T sritis chemija formulė H(CH₂)₆CH=CH(CH₂)₇COOH atitikmenys: angl. palmitoleic acid rus. пальмитолеиновая кислота ryšiai: sinonimas – (Z) 9 heksadeceno rūgštis …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • palmitoleic acid — 9 Hexadecenoic acid; a monounsaturated 16 carbon acid; one of the common constituents of the triacylglycerols of human adipose tissue. SYN: zoomaric acid. * * * pal·mit·ole·ic acid .pal mət ō .lē ik , .päm ət n a crystalline unsaturated fatty… …   Medical dictionary

  • palmitoleic acid — |palmə̇d.ō|lē|k , |päm noun Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary palmit (from palmatin) + oleic more at palmitin : a crystalline unsaturated fatty acid C6H13CH . CH(CH2)7COOH occurring in the form of glycerides especially in whale, seal …   Useful english dictionary

  • palmitoleic acid — /pal mi tl ee ik, pal , pahl , pahl , pah mi , pah /, Chem. a colorless, unsaturated fatty acid, C16H30O2, occurring in oils and fats of plants and animals. [PALMIT(IC) + OLEIC ACID] * * * …   Universalium

  • palmitoleic acid — noun An unsaturated fatty acid, having 16 carbon atoms and one double bond, found in the adipose tissue of all animals Syn: hexadecenoic acid …   Wiktionary

  • palmitoleic — adjective Of or pertaining to palmitoleic acid or its derivatives …   Wiktionary

  • Fatty acid — Not to be confused with fat. Butyric acid, a short chain fatty acid Types of fats in food Unsaturated fat Monounsaturated fat Polyun …   Wikipedia

  • Stearic acid — Stearic acid[1] …   Wikipedia

  • fatty acid — noun Any of a class of aliphatic carboxylic acids, of general formula CHCOOH, that occur combined with glycerol as animal or vegetable oils and fats. Only those with an even number of carbon atoms are normally found in …   Wiktionary

  • Vaccenic acid — Vaccenic acid …   Wikipedia

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