- Speech
Speech refers to the processes associated with the production and perception of
sounds used inspoken language . A number of academic disciplines study speech and speech sounds, includingacoustics ,psychology ,speech pathology ,linguistics ,cognitive science andcomputer science .peech production
In linguistics (articulatory
phonetics ), manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants. For any place of articulation, there may be several manners, and therefore several homorganic consonants.peech perception
Speech perception refers to the processes by which humans are able to interpret and understand the sounds used in language. The study of speech perception is closely linked to the fields of phonetics and phonology in linguistics and cognitive psychology and perception in psychology. Research in speech perception seeks to understand how human listeners recognize speech sounds and use this information to understand
spoken language . Speech research has applications in building computer systems that can recognize speech, as well as improving speech recognition for hearing- and language-impaired listeners.Problems involving speech
There are several biological and psychological factors that can affect speech. Among these are:
#Diseases and disorders of the
lung s or thevocal cords , includingparalysis , respiratory infections,vocal fold nodules andcancer s of the lungs and throat.
#Diseases and disorders of thebrain , includingalogia ,aphasia s,dysarthria ,dystonia andspeech processing disorders, where impaired motor planning, nerve transmission, phonological processing or perception of the message (as opposed to the actual sound) leads to poor speech production.
#Hearing problems, such asotitis media effusion can lead to phonological problems.
#Articulatory problems, such asstuttering , lisping,cleft palate ,ataxia , ornerve damage leading to problems inarticulation .Tourette syndrome andtic s can also affect speech. A lot of people also have aslur in thier voice
#In addition to aphasias,anomia and certain types ofdyslexia can impede the quality of auditory perception, and therefore, expression.Hearing impairment s anddeaf ness can be considered to fall into this category.ee also
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Esophageal speech
*Speech synthesis
*Speech recognition
*Speech encoding
*Speech delay
*Freedom of speech
*Vocalization
*Oracy
*phonation
*human voice
*vocology
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См. также в других словарях:
speech — /speech/, n. 1. the faculty or power of speaking; oral communication; ability to express one s thoughts and emotions by speech sounds and gesture: Losing her speech made her feel isolated from humanity. 2. the act of speaking: He expresses… … Universalium
speech — [ spitʃ ] n. m. • 1829; mot angl. ♦ Vieilli Petite allocution de circonstance, notamment en réponse à un toast. ⇒ discours; fam. laïus, topo. Il y eut quelques speechs (ou speeches) amusants. « en mourant, tous les hommes célèbres font un dernier … Encyclopédie Universelle
speech — W2S2 [spi:tʃ] n [: Old English; Origin: sprAc, spAc] 1.) a talk, especially a formal one about a particular subject, given to a group of people ▪ a campaign speech give/make/deliver a speech ▪ Each child had to give a short speech to the rest of… … Dictionary of contemporary English
speech — [ spitʃ ] noun *** 1. ) count a formal occasion when someone speaks to an audience: He began his speech by outlining his plans for the coming year. make/give/deliver a speech: The queen made a wonderful speech in reply. a ) the words that someone … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Speech — Speech, n. [OE. speche, AS. sp?c, spr?, fr. specan, sprecan, to speak; akin to D. spraak speech, OHG. spr[=a]hha, G. sprache, Sw. spr?k, Dan. sprog. See {Speak}.] 1. The faculty of uttering articulate sounds or words; the faculty of expressing… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
speech — speech; speech·ful; speech·ifi·ca·tion; speech·ifi·er; speech·ify; speech·less; speech·less·ly; speech·less·ness; speech·ful·ness; … English syllables
speech — [spēch] n. [ME speche < OE spæc, spræc < base of sprecan, to speak: see SPEAK] 1. the act of speaking; expression or communication of thoughts and feelings by spoken words 2. the power or ability to speak 3. the manner of speaking [her… … English World dictionary
speech — n: words or conduct used to communicate or express a thought: expression see also commercial speech, freedom of speech, free speech … Law dictionary
speech — 1 *language, tongue, dialect, idiom 2 Speech, address, oration, harangue, lecture, talk, sermon, homily designate a discourse delivered to an audience. Speech can apply to a public discourse irrespective of its quality or its degree of… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
Speech — 〈[ spi:tʃ] f.; , es〉 Rede, Ansprache [engl., „Sprache, Rede“; zu speak „sprechen“] * * * Speech [spi:t̮ʃ], der; es, e u. es u. die; , e u. es […ɪs] [engl. speech] (selten): Rede, Ansprache: einen kleinen/eine kleine S. halten. * * * Speech… … Universal-Lexikon
