Dromornis

Dromornis Temporal range: Late Miocene - Early Pliocene
Cast of D. stirtoni from Australia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	†Dromornithidae
Genus:	†Dromornis Owen, 1872
Species
†Dromornis australis (type) †Dromornis stirtoni

Dromornis is a genus of prehistoric birds. They stood 3 meters tall and weighed half a ton. Dromornis lived in Australia from the late Miocene to the early Pliocene, meaning that early humans never encountered this genus. Dromornis had a huge beak and jaw capable of great force but did not have the beak or claws of a carnivore.

D. stirtoni restoration

The holotype femur of D. australis

They are sometimes referred to as Mihirung birds. 'Mihirung paringmal' is an Aboriginal word from the Tjapwuring people of Western Victoria and it means 'giant bird'. Although they looked like giant emus, the Dromornis are more closely related to geese.

Dromornis stirtoni was three metres (10 feet) tall and weighed half a ton (500 kilos).^[1]:31 It inhabited subtropical open woodlands in Australia during the Late Miocene and may have been carnivorous. It was heavier than the Moa and taller than Aepyornis. The type specimen, a femur, was found in a 55 metre deep well at Peak Downs, Queensland, and subsequently described by Richard Owen in 1872.^[2] Due to the poor fossil record of Dromornis australis (the type species of the genus) and the large time gap between the two Dromornis species, D. stirtoni may eventually be reassigned to the genus Bullockornis.

This species had a long neck and stub-like wings, rendering it flightless.^[3] Its legs were powerful, but it is not believed to have been a fast runner.^[3] The bird's beak was large and immensely powerful, leading early researchers to believe that it was used to shear through tough plant stalks.^[3] However, recently others have argued that the size of the beak suggests that the bird was a carnivore.^[3]

Dromornis are part of a family of giant birds called Dromornithidae that lived from 15 million years ago until less than 30,000 years ago. Australia had been separated from the big southern landmass of Gondwana for millions of years by this time. The animals of Australia had evolved very slowly in almost complete isolation from the animals of other continents. There were forests and a permanent water supply at Alcoota where the Dromornis birds lived, although the climate was very unpredictable.

See also

• Australian megafauna
• Dromornithidae
• History of Australia

References

1. ^ Murray, Peter F.; Vickers-Rich, Patricia (2004). Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34282-9. 
2. ^ www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0367%3AMMTCFB]2.0.CO%3B2?journalCode=tauk
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Ellis, Richard (2004). No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 102. ISBN 0-06-055804-0. 

• Owen, R. (1872): [Untitled]. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872: 682-683

External links