Brilon

Infobox German Location
Name = Brilon
Art = Stadt
image_photo = Brilon Market Place01.jpg
imagesize =
image_caption = Marketplace in Brilon
Wappen = Stadtwappen der Stadt Brilon.pnglat_deg = 51 | lat_min = 23 | lat_sec = 0
lon_deg = 08 | lon_min = 34 | lon_sec = 0
Lageplan =
Bundesland = NRW
Regierungsbezirk = Arnsberg
Landkreis = Hochsauerland
Höhe = 450
Fläche = 228.95
Einwohner = 27112
Stand = 2005-12-31
pop_source =
PLZ = 59914-59929
Vorwahl = 02961 (Brilon) 02963 (Messinghausen) 02964 (Alme) 02991 "(Marsberg-Bredelar)"
Kfz = HSK
Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 9 58 012
Gliederung = 17
Adresse = Am Markt 1
59929 Brilon
Website = [http://www.brilon.de/ www.brilon.de]
Bürgermeister = Franz Schrewe
Partei = SPD

Brilon (IPA2|ˈbʁiːlɔn) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, that belongs to the Hochsauerlandkreis.

Geography

Brilon is situated on the Brilon Heights at an altitude of about 450 m on the upper reaches of the river Möhne. The town lies between the Arnsberg Forest nature reserve to the west and the Lake Diemel nature reserve and the Hoppecke to the south-east.

Neighbouring municipalities

Division of the town

After the local government reforms of 1975 Brilon consists of 17 districts:
* Alme (1.273 inhabitants)
* Altenbüren (1.453 inhabitants)
* Bontkirchen (553 inhabitants)
* Brilon Town (14.513 inhabitants)
* Brilon-Wald (595 inhabitants)
* Esshoff (80 inhabitants)
* Gudenhagen/Petersborn (1.273 inhabitants)
* Hoppecke (1.330 inhabitants)
* Madfeld (1.395 inhabitants)
* Messinghausen (898 inhabitants)
* Nehden (503 inhabitants)
* Radlinghausen (129 inhabitants)
* Rixen (143 inhabitants)
* Rösenbeck (858 inhabitants)
* Scharfenberg (1.533 inhabitants)
* Thülen (1.088 inhabitants)
* Wülfte (421 inhabitants)(Source of population figures: [http://www.briloner-wirtschaft.de/wDeutsch/standort_brilon/einwohner.shtml?navid=3 www.briloner-wirtschaft.de] / As at: 31 December 2004)

History

The first documentary reference occurs in a deed of the Emperor Otto II dated 973, confirming to the Cathedral of Magdeburg all those possessions in Westphalia given to it by his father, including the "Villa Brilon". This reference must of course apply to a considerably older settlement than the present town, presumably what is now Altenbrilon. The Brilon estate passed later by exchange to the Archbishops of Paderborn, who endowed their steward ("Vogt") with it.

In about 1220 Archbishop Engelbert I of Cologne acquired the Brilon lands of the brothers Hermann and Gernand of Brilon. The Archbishop laid out a fortified town and gave it municipal rights. Bloody conflicts followed between the Archbishops of Cologne and the Bishops of Paderborn over the rights of possession of the place. These ended when the Bishop of Paderborn, after being taken prisoner, waived his rights to Brilon (1256).

Thereafter Brilon developed under the rulership of the Prince-Bishops of Cologne into a thriving town of c 3,000 inhabitants with an active trading and mining life and far-reaching business connections. As a trading town Brilon was also a member of the Hansa. In 1350 Brilon had between 500 and 600 houses. At this time Brilon held the position of the second city of Westphalia behind Soest. After the secession of Soest in 1444 Brilon was elevated to being the capital of Westphalia.

In 1655, after three years of negotiations between the town magistrate and the Minorites resident in Brilon, the "Gymnasium Petrinum" [http://www.petrinum-brilon.de] was founded as a monastery school. It is thus one of the oldest "Gymnasien" ("grammar schools") in Westphalia.

But already in the 15th century conflicts and military actions were leading to an economic decline; and the wars of the 17th and 18th centuries brought unspeakable misery to this once flourishing little town.

During the Napoleonic period Brilon passed to Hesse-Darmstadt, in 1802. After the Congress of Vienna of 1816 it was transferred to Prussia, which made it the centre of the Prussian "Kreis" or district. In this way, as the seat of government offices and schools, Brilon regained significance. The construction of traffic connections and various municipal measures brought about a strong development of crafts and trade.

In World War II the town was initially spared from Allied air raids. But on 10 January 1944 there came an attack by American bombers which destroyed whole streets, particularly "Hoppecker Strasse" and "Derkere Mauer". A bomb broke through the roof of the Provost's Church but did not explode. In this bombing raid 37 people were killed, including 13 children.

After the war Brilon became part of the newly created state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In the course of the local government reorganisation of 1975 the following communities were added to the town: formerly administered by the "Amt" Thülen: Alme, Bontkirchen, Hoppecke, Madfeld, Messinghausen, Nehden (belonging to Thülen parish), Radlinghausen, Rixen, Rösenbeck, Scharfenberg, Thülen and Wülfte; and formerly belonging to the "Amt" Bigge: Altenbüren and Esshoff.

Population Growth

The following numbers only show the population of the town of Brilon, not of the municipality.
* 2,592 inhabitants (1784), including 63 Jews 1)
* 3,584 inhabitants (1844), including 111 Evangelicals, 84 Jews
* 4,471 inhabitants (1890), including 231 Evangelicals, 95 Jews
* 5,849 inhabitants (1925)
* 6,480 inhabitants (1933)
* 6,959 inhabitants (1939)
* 14,305 inhabitants (1966)1) Source: "Vergangene Zeiten" ("Past times"), volume 1 incl. the dependent communities ("Filialgemeinden") Wülfte and Rixen

Arms

The arms of Brilon are: Party per fess, in chief, argent, a cross sable, and in base, sable, a key in bend argent, wards to the dexter. They were granted on 28 January 1911, but in this form first appear in a seal of 1548. The cross in the upper part is from the arms of the state of Cologne. The key, a motif which appears already in medieval seals, is one of the keys of Saint Peter, patron saint of Cologne.

Twin Towns

* )
* )
* )
* )

Culture and Sights

Museums

* Brilon Town Museum

Buildings

Brilon
* Derker Gate
* Evangelical Town Church ("built in 1856 to plans by Schinkel")
* Geschichtsbrunnen ("History Fountain")
* Church of St Nicholas
* Provost's Church of St Peter and St Andrew
* Town Hall and Market Place with the "Kump"
* Schultenhaus ("House of the Mayor")
* Sauvigny House
* District Courthouse. Late Classical stuccoed building of 1877
* Residential buildings: Schulgasse 14, a two-storied rough stone building of 1431, 1659 and 1720 with half-timbered extensions; Steinweg 26, a half-timbered building of 1767 with older masonry

Parks

* Arnsberg Forest Nature Reserve
* Lake Diemel Nature Reserve
* Brilon Park

Regular Events

* Schutzenfest, last weekend in June
* "Schnadegang" or "Schnadezug" [http://www.schuetzen-brilon.de/Schnade.htm] [http://www.schnadt-web.de/schndeng.htm] (marking the town boundaries) every second year on the Monday after the Schutzenfest
* Brilon Open Air Festival (street theatre and live music) in July or August
* Old Town Festival, at the end of August
* Kourmas, last weekend in September

Economy and Infrastructure

Communications

From Brilon heading westwards, approx 30 minutes away on the Bundesstrasse B 7 is the motorway A 46 at Bestwig, in the direction of the Ruhrgebiet. Heading eastwards, the motorwayA 44 at Marsberg, in the direction of Kassel is about 40 minutes away. On the Bundesstrasse B 480 it is possible to reach the motorway A 33 at Wünnenberg in about 30 minutes, in the direction of Paderborn/Bielefeld.

The railway station "Brilon Wald" is about 10 km from the town centre. From here local trains leave every hour for Warburg, Hagen and Korbach via Willingen.

From the air Brilon is accessible through the airport at Paderborn-Lippstadt. Sports aeroplanes can land at Brilon Airport in the Thülener Bruch.

Media

The regional daily newspaper is the "Westfalenpost", with a local edition for Brilon und the Hochsauerland district. Furthermore, there is the free weekly paper "Sauerlandkurier" with information from the whole of the Sauerland. Also weekly is the "Briloner Anzeiger", a newspaper for Brilon, Olsberg and Willingen.

Public Organisations

* Brilon District Court
* Brilon Finance Office
* District administration for the Hochsauerland District, Brilon Office
* Hospital "Maria Hilf"

People

Honorary Citizens

* Eduard Pape (b 13 September 1816 in Brilon, d 11 September 1888),
lawyer, contributor to the Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch in 1887.

Natives of the Town

* Johann Suibert Seibertz (b 27 November 1788, d 17 November 1871 in Arnsberg),
historian and judge
* Eduard Pape as above.
* Franz Heinrich Reusch (b 4 December 1825, d 3 March 1900 in Bonn),
"Old Catholic" theologian and Church historian.
* Dr. Fritz Dorls (b 9 September 1910, d 25 January 1995)
MdB (Member of the German Parliament), founder and President of the banned extreme Right-wing party, the SRP.
* Friedrich Merz (b 11 November 1955), MdB (Member of the German Parliament),
former Chairman of the Parliamentary Party of the CDU.

Other

In Brilon is the start of the 184 km long newly opened ramblers' trail across the Rothaar Mountains, the Rothaarsteig.

Literature

*de icon Provost's Office, Brilon(ed): "Propsteikirche Brilon". 3rd. edition, Brilon 1988
*de icon Thomas Spohn: "Brilon" (Westfälische Kunststätten, Heft 84). Münster 1997
*de icon Vergangene Zeiten - Geschichte aus Brilon Band 1 (ISBN 3-86133-341-4)

External links

* [http://www.brilon.de/ Official website] de icon
* [http://www.schuetzen-brilon.de/Schnade.htm The Schnadegang, with pictures] de icon
* [http://www.schnadt-web.de/schndeng.htm Brilon Schnadegang, with historical background]
* [http://www.petrinum-brilon.de Gymnasium Petrinum] de icon